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A three-dimensional snowpack scattering and emission model is developed by numerically solving Maxwell's equations (NMM3D) over the entire snowpack on an underlying half-space. The solutions are crucial to microwave remote sensing that requires the preservation of coherent phase information. The heterogeneous snowpack is represented as a bicontinuous medium. Effects of the underlying half-space are...
A fully coherent snowpack scattering and emission model is developed by numerically solving Maxwell's equations over the entire snowpack on a bottom half-space. The scattering matrix of the snowpack is directly obtained including both amplitude and phase. Both bistatic scattering coefficients and brightness temperatures of the snowpack are derived from full wave simulations. Simulation results demonstrate...
We validate an absorption based radar retrieval algorithm of snow water equivalent (SWE) using X- and Ku-band backscatter with airborne SAR data. The bicontinuous dense media radiative transfer (Bic-DMRT) model is first applied to generate a look-up table of snow properties against backscattering at X- and Ku-bands. In the retrieval algorithm, the background scattering is subtracted from the total...
The partially coherent approach of dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) has been extensively applied to study the wave propagation and scattering inside dense media such as terrestrial snow [1–5]. In the DMRT partially coherent approach, the coherent part is obtained by solving Maxwell's equations over several cubic wavelengths of statistically homogeneous snow volume to compute the phase matrix,...
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