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This study follows our previous report (Zhang et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 31, 2019, 034105) by describing the formation and evolution of the engulfment flow in the cross‐shaped channel. First, the flow regimes were studied by planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF). Results show the formation of a spiral vortex in the center of the chamber and the appearance of a well‐mixed zone inside the spiral...
The erosion of the immersed tubes in a bubbling‐fluidized bed is studied numerically using an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach coupling with a particle‐scale erosion model. In this approach, the motion of gas and particles is simulated by the CFD–DEM method, and an erosion model SIEM (shear impact energy model) is proposed to predict the erosion of the tubes. The model is validated by the good agreement...
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