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The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is receiving wide acceptance in both high- and medium-voltage (MV) applications. However, due to the low (fundamental and second-order) frequency ripple powers in the submodule (SM) capacitors, large capacitance is required to smooth the SM voltage. The SM capacitors account for a large portion of volume and weight in the MMC system. Present methods (e.g., circulating...
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