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During monopolar operation or commissioning of high-voltage direct-current (HVdc) links, ground-return current (GRC) leads to power transformer dc bias issues. A GRC model is proposed in this paper, and the penetration depth, penetration ratio, and earth surface potential of various earth models are simulated. The result indicates that the influence of deep earth resistivity increases rapidly by the...
During the commissioning stage or pole outage of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links, ground-return currents (GRCs) are injected into dc grounding electrodes. Therefore, earth surface potential (ESP) is induced by GRC. Moreover, nonuniform distribution of ESP in wide areas usually leads to half-cycle saturation of power transformers and interference of metallic underground infrastructures, especially...
In the first part of this paper, the methodologies of earth resistivity measurement and estimation have been studied. The horizontal layered soil (HLS) model obtained by the first part of this paper is usually with over 10 layers, which is far more than the existing HLSs used for grounding design. The parameters of the HLS of wide areas are also irregular, which means the resistivity or thickness...
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