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Reliable coarse granular routing optical network architectures that maximize fiber frequency utilization efficiency are presented. The architectures combine coarse granular routing and fine granular add/drop operations, where optical paths are carried by virtual optical pipes. Higher efficiency than conventional fine granular routing networks is achieved by dense path packing in the frequency domain...
A novel OXC node architecture that combines cost effective small port count WSSs and optical switches is proposed. Unlike conventional networks, the WSSs are utilized for dynamic path bundling (“flexible waveband”) while the small-scale optical switches implement bundled path routing. We propose a network design algorithm that takes the advantage of the two-stage switching mechanism. Numerical experiments...
To offset the impairment caused by imperfect optical filtering at ROADMs/OXCs, guard bands must be inserted between optical channels. The resulting degradation in frequency utilization detracts from the benefit of next-generation elastic optical path networks. To overcome this problem and achieve an ICT infrastructure with the required level of resiliency, we add path-granularity-level shared protection...
The wide deployment of ROADM based photonic networks, particularly in metro areas, compels an increase in the number of WSSs traversed by the average optical path. The impairment caused by optical filtering of WSSs, called spectrum narrowing effect, can be a serious problem in transparent optical networks. To resolve this impairment and to enable higher fiber frequency utilization while achieving...
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