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Based on Landsat 8-OLI (operational land imager) images and field surveys, we mapped soil salinization across seven ecosystems in the Manas River basin (MRB), and two models of soil salinization (namely an index model and a sensitivity model) were constructed on a regional scale and on the scale of a unit. ArcGIS ordinary Kriging interpolation was used to determine the spatial distribution of the...
Land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) is an important issue of research into global change. To identify the spatiotemporal change and the driving mechanism of land use at the regional scale is of great significance to environmental preservation and economic development in the whole locality. In order to analyze the spatiotemporal change of land cover in Fuxian Lake watershed for the last four decades,...
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous carcinogen in the environment. Its bio-toxicity is significantly correlated with its chemical forms. In this study, As accumulation and speciation of PM₂.₅ was investigated in Jinan. The high PM₂.₅ levels fluctuated between 69.67 μg·m⁻³ and 211.25 μg·m⁻³ in winter, and ranged from 63.46 μg·m⁻³ to 125.50 μg·m⁻³ in summer. The total As concentration of PM₂.₅ in winter and...
Plant invasion succeeds because of such invader characteristics as fecundity and high-efficiency multiple reproduction modes. The acquisition of individual resources and the benefits of individual fitness are driven by optimum patterns of life history and trade-offs of reproductive allocation (RA) in plants, and variations in RA strategy play an key role in plant adaptation to environmental changes...
Numerous efforts in investigating the global carbon balance have concluded that the global CO2 budget cannot be balanced unless a ‘‘missing carbon sink’’ is invoked. Until now there have been considerable uncertainties as to the magnitude of the C-sink in different regions and the contributions of aboveground/underground processes. This study is aimed at presenting a first estimate of the gap between...
The fate of ammonium (NH₄+) was investigated using the 15N tracer stable isotope technique in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCWs). Two types of IVCW systems were built: unplanted IVCWs (control) and planted IVCWs. The results showed that a high NH₄+ removal efficiency (95.4%) in the planted IVCWs. Plants not only removed NH₄+ by direct uptake (13.6±0.7%) but also improved the NH₄+removal...
The occurrence of 22 antibiotics, including eight quinolones, nine sulfonamides and five macrolides in water and sediment from Zizhuyuan Lake has been investigated in Beijing, China. Sediment samples were extracted by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Aqueous extracts from PLE and water samples were concentrated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray...
This paper studies organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) distributions at different depths of an earthworm packing bed, and the N distribution in situ solution in artificial soil (AS). The contents of OM, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), and total nitrogen (TN) changed along with the depth of AS. The results of N concentration in situ solution indicated that 35 cm to 40 cm thickness...
Climate change has greatly affected the natural habitats of wild plants, especially vulnerable species. However, methods to properly assess priority protected areas (PPAs) that consider climate change have not been established. The distribution of Fraxinus mandshurica in northeast China was assessed, and our goal was to develop model-based strategies for the assessment of PPAs in consideration of...
This paper studies the association between concentration of ambient air pollutants and daily mortality number in an urban area of Beijing. Different age and gender groups were taken into consideration. The results showed that, for all the groups, the average daily mortality number showed an increasing trend from June to January of next year, and a decreasing trend from February to June. When the concentration...
In this paper the environmental protection levels of 30 Chinese provinces are evaluated using grey relation degree analysis. The research period is from 2004 to 2011. An indicator system was built and it includes 10 indicators from 3 points of view: waste discharge, environmental remediation, and resource utilization. Evaluation has been done on both integrated and separate analysis according to 3...
This paper proposes a metafrontier non-radial and non-oriental DEA to examine environmental efficiency in China. This approach takes the regional technology heterogeneity, non-radial slacks, and undesirable outputs into consideration simultaneously. The results show that undesirable output inefficiency largely contributes to environmental inefficiency. And under the metafrontier technology assumption,...
We tested the seed loss of five dominant species in the Loess Plateau region under varied rainfall intensity and soil surface conditions. The runoff rate, sediment yield, seed loss rate, and seed displacement distance were investigated. The result indicated that the seed loss rate increases with rain intensity enhanced, or the rainfall duration prolonged even with low intensity. The grass, and grass...
A field study was conducted in two adjacent shallow lakes (Aiwan Lake and Qingnian Lake) in Tianjin, China, to investigate the effects of plant species and growth strategy (single or mix) on the microbial community’s structure and diversity in the rhizosphere of emergent plants by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) methods. The results demonstrated that microbial biomass was higher in the Typha orientalis...
Cadmium (Cd), a potent immunotoxicant, has been reported to affect immunocytes both in humans and in rodents. However, whether such an effect exists in birds is still unclear. To delineate the cytotoxicity of Cd on the bird immunocytes in vitro, chicken splenic lymphocytes were exposed to Cd. A significant increase in the occurrence of cell damage was observed in chicken splenic lymphocytes following...
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