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LPWAN is a type of wireless telecommunication network designed to allow long range communications with relaxed requirements on data rate and latency between the core network and a high-volume of battery-operated devices. This article first reviews the leading LPWAN technologies on both unlicensed spectrum (SIGFOX, and LoRa) and licensed spectrum (LTE-M and NB-IoT). Although these technologies differ...
Machine-type communication (MTC) is the key technology to support data transfer among devices (sensors and actuators) in Internet of Things (IoT). Although cellular communication technologies are developed mainly for “human-type” communications, enabling MTC with cellular networks not only improves the connectivity, accessibility, and availability of an MTC network but also has the potential to further...
Two typical frequency offset acquisition schemes by measuring the phase difference between two received signals on different samples are proposed in this paper. A new aspect on the problem of how to choose a better method to estimate the frequency offset between two schemes is the key research content. In order to find out how many factors the frequency offset estimation accuracy is determined by,...
Precision agriculture has the potential to improve crop yield and resource use efficiency while protecting the environment. Effective monitoring of crop biomass during the growing season is important for making in-season management decisions. One commonly used active crop canopy sensor for non-destructive estimation of crop biomass is the GreenSeeker sensor. The GreenSeeker normalized difference vegetation...
We formulate an integrated design and evaluation mechanism applying techniques in the field of flexible engineering design and real options analysis to build a liquefied natural gas production and fueling system for a Singapore oil & gas company. The proposed methodology consists of four main steps: 1) design and evaluation under deterministic demand, 2) uncertainty characterization and performance...
Precision nitrogen (N) management (PNM) is a promising strategy to improve N use efficiency and protect the environment while maintaining or increasing crop yield. In-season non-destructive diagnosis of crop N status is crucial for the success of this strategy. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate how well the GreenSeeker active canopy sensor can non-destructively estimate N status indicators...
Brewery wastewater treatment by three-phase bio-fluidized bed was studied, as well as the effects of aeration quantity and hydraulic stay time. It was found that the optimal aeration quantity is 0.25m3/h, and the optimal hydraulic stay time is 1.5h. Under such operating condition, the average removal ratio of COD reached above 85% and the biological concentration reached 28.31mg/L. It is proved that...
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