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As the design rule for memory devices shrinks, the reliability issue of electromigration (EM) is emerged due 10 the increase of high current density, therefore, the reliability for memory devices can be limited by EM failure of metal lines (Al. Cu. W). But EM reliability with respect to structures of interconnects is still underestimated even though EM behavior for each material has been reported...
Micro-expressions are facial expressions which are fleeting and reveal genuine emotions that people try to conceal. These are important clues for detecting lies and dangerous behaviors and therefore have potential applications in various fields such as the clinical field and national security. However, recognition through the naked eye is very difficult. Therefore, researchers in the field of computer...
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are systems that exhibit tight coordination of computational and physical elements. A CPS node which is a mobile node having sensors should cooperate with each other in order to monitor and control the physical world adaptively. In the CPS environment, Guaranteeing reliability, real-time service, and scalability are significant issues. To meet these requirements, Opportunistic...
Femtocell network is widely used for providing high data rate. However, there are some doubts about the reliability of femto base stations (BSs). When a fault occurs in a femto BS, MSs belonging to the faulted femto BS should handover to other BSs. Handover to inappropriate BS may decrease network efficiency. To make a smooth handover procedure, the usage of a candidate BS list is suggested. The candidate...
Electromigration in molten and crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) was characterized using pulsed DC stress to an isolated line structure. In the electomigration of molten GST, the effects of N-and Bi-doping on the electromigration were aslo studied to find the solution for inhibiting the electromigration. When a single pulse (∼10−3 s) was applied to the lines, both undoped and doped GST lines were melted...
This paper proposes a link layer adaptive hybrid FEC/ARQ based on Hops (HH-FEC/ARQ) for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks, in the hope that the media could be played on receiving sensor nodes with high quality. The algorithm, based on cross-layer optimization design, adjusting the FEC parameter N and the ARQ parameter Nmax according to the Hops of the link layer frames, can maximize the performance...
Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are a new and emerging type of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which enable applications of multimedia captured through special sensors equipped with cameras or microphones etc. However, WMSNs face the challenges of transport reliability and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an adaptive error control mechanism based on the importance of link-layer...
The use of chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) as a global planarization in ULSI process technology is increasing rapidly. In particular, to achieve the higher density and greater performance, the shallow trench isolation (STI)-CMP process has been attracting attention for multilevel interconnection as an essential isolation technology. Also, it was possible to apply the direct STI-CMP process without...
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