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Load balancing (LB) plays a key role in improving the performance of hybrid Geostationary Orbit (GEO)-Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite network. Overload is very common in LEO satellite due to the non-uniform distribution load and the periodic satellite motion. A feasible approach to realize load balancing is that the terminals (destination nodes) served by LEO satellite hand over to GEO satellite....
The skyrocketing increase of mobile traffic exacerbates the stringent demand for high spectrum efficient communications. In this paper, a spectrum reuse scheme is proposed for heterogeneous networks (HetNets) using Stackelberg game approach to decrease cross-tier interference, thereby effectively improving spectrum efficiency. The macro base stations (BSs), acting as leader in the game, allocate a...
This paper formulates a joint base station operation and user association optimization problem in the cloud based heterogeneous cellular networks with hybrid energy sources, where all the base stations are connected to the cloud computing center and powered by both on-grid power and renewable energy. The combinatorial optimization problem is decomposed into two subproblems based on the time scale...
In the conventional cellular network, each base station (BS) manages its own energy consumption. When a BS lacks sufficient energy, user equipments (UEs) have to be offloaded to the other BSs which leads to higher signaling cost and lower throughput. Energy cooperation schemes allow energy to be transferred among BSs through power grids which reducing the frequency of UEs offloading due to the lack...
Energy harvesting is an emerging technology to save on-grid power and reduce carbon emissions in wireless communications. Terminals can utilize renewable energy obtained from environment by energy harvesting facilities. This paper investigates user association problem under a flow-level traffic model in energy harvesting enabled heterogeneous networks. In this paper, all the base stations are equipped...
In the heterogeneous networks (HetNets) powered by hybrid energy sources, it is imperative to reduce the total on-grid energy consumption as well as minimize the peak-to-average on-grid energy consumption ratio, since the large peak-to-average on-grid energy consumption ratio will translate into the high operational expenditure (OPEX) for mobile network operators. In this paper, we propose a joint...
With tremendous attention for green communications, base station (BS) which is powered by both the power grid and renewable energy sources, is regarded as a promising paradigm to reduce energy consumption as well as provide uninterrupted service. In this paper, we propose distributed Delay-Energy Aware (IDEA) user association in 3-tier HetNets with hybrid energy sources. IDEA user association aims...
The rising environmental awareness and the exponential growth of capacity demand have made energy efficiency an important issue to be addressed by cellular network operators. In this paper, an energy-efficient user association scheme is proposed for heterogeneous networks (Het Nets) using an evolutionary game theoretic approach to maximize the energy efficiency of the whole network with the consideration...
Base station (BS) sleeping has been proved to be an effective technique for saving energy consumption in cellular networks. However, BSs in sleeping mode might cause coverage holes, which have a negative impact on the connectivity of the network. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a combined coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission and BS sleeping scheme under the heterogeneous networks...
In wireless networks, it is of great significance to balance power consumption and network quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we propose an optimal user association algorithm for delay and power consumption tradeoffs in HetNets with hybrid energy sources. In the considered HetNets, all the base stations (BSs) are assumed powered by a combination of power grid and renewable energy sources, in...
In this paper, we propose adaptive user association in the Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) with renewable energy powered base stations (BSs), where all the BSs are assumed solely powered by the harvested energy from the renewable energy sources. BSs across tiers differ in terms of energy harvesting rate, maximum transmit power and deployment density. In conventional grid-powered HetNets, user association...
In heterogeneous networks (HetNets), due to transmit power disparity between macro and pico base stations (BSs), the conventional strongest downlink (DL) reference signal received power (RSRP) based user association results in high uplink (UL) interference. Such interference degrades the UL performance especially in terms of energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose Joint Uplink and Downlink User...
The access point sleeping scheme is an efficiency method for power saving in the cellular networks. This paper proposes a QoS-aware adaptive access point sleeping scheme designed for energy efficiency in the relay cellular networks. To achieve the best tradeoff between QoS guarantee of users and the power saving of the network, the optimization problem of the access point selection for each user is...
Joint relay selection and spectrum allocation scheme with multiple source-destination pairs and multiple potential relays in cooperative relay networks is proposed in this paper. In cooperative relay networks, the selected relay nodes and spectrum resource allocated to each source-destination pair have great impact on the system performance. It is an optimization problem for which relay nodes are...
In this paper, a fair user association scheme is proposed for heterogeneous networks (HetNets), where the user association optimization is formulated as a Nash bargaining problem. The optimization objective is to maximize the sum of rate related utility, under users' minimal rate constrains, while considering user fairness and load balance between cells in different tiers. Nash bargaining solution...
In cooperative relay networks with multiple users and multiple potential relays, which relay nodes are selected has great impact on the system performance. It is an optimization problem for selecting suitable relay nodes. The exhaustive search can solve this problem but the complexity will increase factorially with the network size, i.e., the number of users and the number of relays in the network...
In heterogeneous network (HetNet), the combined cell range extension (CRE) and enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (elCIC) proposed by 3GPP is considered as the most effective user association scheme. However, this scheme requires strict frame synchronization between macrocells and small cells. In this paper, we propose a Nash bargaining solution (NBS) based user association scheme which...
Mobility load balancing (MLB) is an effective method employed by 3GPP to transfer traffic from a hot-spot cell to neighbouring cells. This paper designs a cooperative mobility load balancing (CMLB) scheme in relay cellular networks. After partner cell selection, in the traffic shifting stage, the partner cell analyses hot-spot cell's traffic shifting request and the idle spectrum of relay station...
In order to deal with uneven load distribution, mobility load balancing adjusts the handover region to shift edge users from a hot-spot cell to the less-loaded neighbouring cells. However, shifted users receive the reduced signal power from neighbouring cells, which may result in link quality degradation. This paper employs a user relaying model and proposes a user relay assisted traffic shifting...
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