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360 Video has become popular in recent years, as commercial interests in deploying Virtual Reality (VR) applications rise. This type of video is usually captured using multi-camera arrays, such as the GoPro Omni camera rig. After separate video streams are captured from multiple cameras, image stitching is applied to obtain a spherical representation of the scene, which spans 360 degrees horizontally...
The procedures commonly used to evaluate the performance of objective quality metrics rely on ground truth mean opinion scores and associated confidence intervals, which are usually obtained via direct scaling methods. However, indirect scaling methods, such as the paired comparison method, can also be used to collect ground truth preference scores. Indirect scaling methods have a higher discriminatory...
This paper reports the details and results of a subjective and objective quality evaluation assessing responses to an MPEG call for evidence (CfE) on high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut video coding. Five HDR video contents, compressed at four bit rates by each proponent responding to the CfE, were used in the subjective assessments. To be able to evaluate the performance of objective quality...
High bit depth data acquisition and manipulation have been largely studied at the academic level over the last 15 years and are rapidly attracting interest at the industrial level. An example of the increasing interest for high-dynamic range (HDR) imaging is the use of 32-bit floating point data for video and image acquisition and manipulation that allows a variety of visual effects that closely mimic...
The Bj⊘ntegaard model is widely used to calculate the compression efficiency between different codecs. However, this model is not sufficient to investigate the impact on quality of the interaction of the base and enhancement layer bit rates when comparing two-layer coding systems. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an extension of the Bj⊘ntegaard model from rate-distortion (R-D) curve fitting to...
Multiview autostereoscopic displays are considered as the future of 3DTV. However, these displays suffer from a high level of crosstalk, which negatively impacts quality of experience (QoE). In this paper, we propose a system to improve 3D QoE on multiview autostereoscopic displays. First, the display is characterized in terms of luminance distribution. Then, the luminance profiles are modeled using...
Video consumption over Internet has increased significantly over the recent years and occupies the majority of the overall data traffic. To decrease the load on the Internet infrastructure and reduce bandwidth taken by video, higher efficiency video codecs, such as H.265/HEVC and VP9, have been developed. The availability of these two new competing video coding formats raises the question of which...
Recent advances in high dynamic range (HDR) capturing and display technologies attracted a lot of interest to HDR imaging. Many issues that are considered as being resolved for conventional low dynamic range (LDR) images pose new challenges in HDR context. One such issue is a lack of standards for HDR image compression. Another is the limited availability of suitable image datasets that are suitable...
Crowdsourcing is becoming a popular cost effective alternative to lab-based evaluations for subjective quality assessment. However, crowd-based evaluations are constrained by the limited availability of display devices used by typical online workers, which makes the evaluation of 3D content a challenging task. In this paper, we investigate two possible approaches to crowd-based quality assessment...
The popularity of the crowdsourcing for performing various tasks online increased significantly in the past few years. The low cost and flexibility of crowdsourcing, in particular, attracted researchers in the field of subjective multimedia evaluations and Quality of Experience (QoE). Since online assessment of multimedia content is challenging, several dedicated frameworks were created to aid in...
Free-viewpoint television is expected to create a more natural and interactive viewing experience by providing the ability to interactively change the viewpoint to enjoy a 3D scene. To render new virtual viewpoints, free-viewpoint systems rely on view synthesis. However, it is known that most objective metrics fail at predicting perceived quality of synthesized views. Therefore, it is legitimate to...
High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging is able to capture a wide range of luminance values, closer to what the human visual system can perceive. It is believed by many that HDR is a technology that will revolutionize TV and cinema industry similar to how color television did. However, the complexity of HDR requires reinvention of the whole chain from capture to display. In this paper, HDR images compressed...
Due to the recent advances in ultra high definition (UHD) displays, UHD TV may replace HD TV in a near future. However, little is known about the effect of UHD content on human visual perception, specifically, on human visual attention, viewing strategies, and visual saliency. To help studying these properties of the human visual system and their dynamics when HD content is replaced with UHD content,...
Despite efforts of the scientific community in recent years, little is known about the mechanisms of the human visual system that control visual attention when watching 3D content. To help understanding these mechanisms and develop more accurate visual attention models, we created a public 3D video eye tracking dataset. The dataset provides the eye tracking information corresponding to eight stereoscopic...
Consistent and imitable subjective measurement 3D video quality assessment is investigated for evaluating 3D service parameters and as an essential criterion towards the development of objective models. This paper analyzes the results obtained from three test laboratories to evaluate the performance of the MVC+D and 3D-AVC 3D video coding standards using identical video content and following similar...
Sensation of reality refers to the ability of users to feel present in a multimedia experience. As 3D technologies target to provide more immersive and higher quality multimedia experiences, it is important to understand Quality of Experience (QoE) and sensation of reality. Recently, there have been efforts to measure brain activity in order to understand implicitly QoE for various multimedia contents...
Understanding Quality of Experience (QoE) in various multimedia contents is still challenging. In this paper, we investigate the way QoE affects brain oscillations captured by electroencephalography (EEG). In particular, sixteen subjects watched 2D and 3D videos of various quality levels while their EEG signals were recorded, and were asked to provide their self-assessed perceived quality ratings...
The performance of objective quality metrics for high-definition (HD) video sequences is well studied, but little is known about their performance for ultra-high definition (UHD) video sequences. This paper analyzes the performance of several common objective quality metrics (PSNR, VSNR, SSIM, MS-SSIM, VIF, and VQM) on three different 4K UHD video sequences using subjective scores as ground truth...
Different formats and compression algorithms have been proposed for 3D video content, but 3D images are still mostly represented as a stereo pair only. However, for enhanced 3D rendering capabilities, such as depth perception adjustment or display size adaptation, additional depth data is necessary. To facilitate the standardization process of a common 3D format, backward compatibility with legacy...
In this paper, the analysis of a subjective quality experiment consisting in assessing the quality of free-viewpoint video sequences generated from decompressed depth data is presented. In the absence of a dedicated subjective assessment protocol for the evaluation of such 3D systems, a subjective quality assessment methodology is proposed for the context of MVD compression. The proposed methodology...
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