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We demonstrate a pilot-symbol assisted joint polarization carrier phase estimation technique that detects cycle slip and avoid error propagation. Coherent detection without differential coding is feasible when the cycle slip probability is less than 10-3.
We demonstrate a new direct-detection polarization-division-multiplexing modulation scheme without polarization tracking. This scheme reduces sensitivity to depolarization and exhibits less Q-factor fluctuations compared to conventional polarization-division-multiplexing.
Results of 14 krad/s endless polarization tracking experiments are presented. Wavelength (1520...1564 nm), temperature (0...70degC) and second, nominally fixed polarization were varied, and a 2.5Grad long polarization trajectory was tracked in 64 h. Mean/maximum polarization errors were les0.053/0.13 rad.
A commercial LiNbO3 polarization transformer is used to track, for the first time, worst-case endless 7 krad/s (5 krad/s) polarization fluctuations caused by rotating waveplates, with maximum intensity losses <2% (<0.8%).
Automatic endless polarisation control with a commercial LiNbO3 polarisation transformer is reported. The controller is able to track worst-case endless 5 krad/s polarisation rotations with maximum polarisation and intensity errors of 0.17 rad and 0.73%.
We have quantified the system margin afforded by polarization scrambling with a direct measurement of the errored events from a noise loaded FEC decoder. We have demonstrated a margin enhancement of 1.2 dB after 8,856 km transmission.
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