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Propylene oxide (PO) is a traditional fuel in fuel–air explosives (FAE), and exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10) is a newly developed aviation fuel with a high volumetric energy density. Detonation properties of gaseous JP-10 and PO in a confined cylindrical tube were studied by two-dimensional simulation. Results show that the magnitude, trend and law of change in detonation properties of JP-10/air...
It is of great importance to develop efficient catalysts to achieve sulfur removal in fuel, protecting the world against the pollution caused by sulfur oxides. Aiming that, polyoxometalates supported materials have been employed as a vital class of heterogeneous catalysts for oxidative desulfurization. In this study, a serial of magnetic polyoxometalates-based mesoporous silica hybrid materials were...
The distributions of soot volume fraction, soot number density, and soot particle size in a coal-air turbulent jet flame was numerically investigated using a soot formation model developed in our previous study. In addition, the effect of radiation from different radiative media on the flame temperature was assessed and discussed. Validated by the reported experimental measurements, the distribution...
The deep desulfurization of petroleum-based fuels using oxidative extraction processes has been hampered by the lack of suitable solvent systems and by the poor availability of inexpensive and efficient catalysts. As a strategy to address this limitation, the present study evaluates a number of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) for the oxidative extraction of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and...
A plate-type anodic alumina supported Cu composition catalyst was developed to investigate its catalytic performance in steam reforming of dimethyl ether (DME). It is found that the fresh Cu/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst without H2 pre-reduction treatment exhibited the similar catalytic activity as the pre-reduced one. The XPS results show that Cu+ species exist in the surface of the fresh catalyst, which results...
Aiming to reduce primary particulate matter (PM) emission from household coal combustion, we conducted experimental investigations on several coal properties that affect PM emission factors (EFs). Fourteen coal chunk samples with various volatile matter contents on dry and ash-free basis (Vdaf, 2.84–48.7%) were tested to examine the effect of coal volatile matter content. Eight coal briquette samples...
Particle size has significant effect on flame propagation behaviors in dust explosions. In this study, the flame propagation behaviors and microstructures in micro- and nano-titanium dust explosions were observed and compared. Results showed that flame propagation mechanisms in 50nm and 35μm titanium dust clouds were quite different. 50nm titanium dust flame was characterized by discrete single glowing...
To improve the quality of fast pyrolysis bio-oil, an efficient catalytic upgrading process is proposed with pristine Ni/MgO catalyst and ethanol. Esterification, hydrogenation, alkylation of aromatic ring and depolymerization of lignin-derived pyrolytic oligomers simultaneously occurred in the upgrading process. Esters, ketones and alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds were found to be the main components...
In this work, a dual-bed aqueous catalysis system with Ru/C as catalyst was proposed for the liquid alkane (pentane/hexane: C5/C6) production from acid biomass hydrolysate. The low temperature (413K) hydrogenation of biomass-derived carbohydrates into polyols was carried out in the first fixed-bed. The high temperature (523K) hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of polyols into alkanes was carried out in the...
In order to investigate the heterogeneous detonation characteristics of aluminum particles/JP-10/air mixtures, the gas–solid two phase flow and detonation models were established using the discrete phase model (DPM) and turbulent combustion model, and detonation properties of the aluminum particles/JP-10/air mixtures were simulated. At stoichiometric concentrations of the solid particle–gas mixtures,...
Aromatics including benzenes, olefins and naphthalenes derived from renewable biomass are of great importance on the potential substitution for diminishing fossil fuels. In this work, aromatics from biomass-derived sorbitol by hydrogenation and aromatization was investigated over the Ni/HZSM-5 and Ni/Hβ catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor. The testing results showed that all the catalysts revealed 100%...
In this study, we investigated the explosion parameters of vapor–liquid two-phase JP-10 (C10H16, tricycle [5.2.1.02, 6] decane)/air mixtures, and reported new experimental data obtained at various conditions. Two sets of vapor–liquid two-phase JP-10/air mixtures at different fuel concentrations, with Sauter mean diameters (SMDs) of 20μm and 35μm, respectively, were examined. Their explosion temperature,...
In this paper, multiple regression methods are presented and compared for online coal calorific value prediction from multi-spectral flame radiation features. Several statistical approaches including principle component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA) and partial least squares analysis (PLSA) were used in linear and nonlinear regression analyses. Analyzing results show that nonlinear...
A combined system of auger pyrolysis reactor and fixed-bed catalytic reactor was designed and used for continuous pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading of pine wood in this paper. HZSM-5 (Si/Al=38) catalyst was evaluated for catalytic cracking. The distributions of liquid and gaseous products at the pyrolysis temperatures of 400–600°C and the catalytic cracking temperatures of 450–650°C were determined...
With the goal of obtaining a high ethanol yield, wheat straw (WS) was pretreated with a 1.0% (w/w) NaOH solution. Further parameters, including temperature, enzyme loading, yeast concentration and pH that would affect the ethanol yield through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), were optimised by means of Box-Behnken design (BBD), a response surface methodology (RSM). All of the...
Through a series of experiments carried out in a 5L confined vessel, the flammability of the gaseous epoxypropane/aluminum dust/air mixtures at various aluminum dust concentration has been analyzed, and the results are discussed. Variation of the aluminum dust concentration within the studied range was found to have significant effect on the LFLs (lower flammability limits) of gaseous epoxypropane...
We present an ignition energy measurement system, which comprises a 5L explosion vessel, a transient pressure measurement sub-system, and a transient temperature measurement sub-system. Through a series experiments carried out with this system, the influences of the concentration of gaseous epoxypropane on the combustion pressure and temperature and on the rate of combustion pressure rise and combustion...
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