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We review recent advances in few-mode fiber transmission. DSP complexity and mode-dependent gain (MDG) control are two key implementation issues. While DSP may be reduced by managing differential modal group dispersion (DMGD) and by using frequency-domain equalization, complexity still grows super-linearly with number of modes. MDG arises in inline amplifiers and can be controlled to a certain degree...
We demonstrate experimentally adaptive recursive-least-square frequency-domain equalization (RLS-FDE) for mode-division-multiplexing. The RLS-FDE algorithm improves convergence speed as transmission distance increases. For MDM transmission over a 1,000-km few-mode fiber, the convergence speed was increased by 17.5 times in comparison with LMS-FDE.
We review reduced-complexity nonlinear compensation methods and find that filtered backpropagation and equivalent-span backpropagation enable large complexity reduction for dispersion managed and unmanaged systems.
We study a reduced-complexity backpropagation scheme that models a transmission link by an equivalent dispersion map that can be solved with fewer steps. Performance versus complexity is compared for two dispersion management scenarios.
We examine performance versus complexity tradeoff for nonlinear compensation using frequency-shaped backpropagation. High residual dispersion per span gives better asymptotic performance at high complexity, but this is not necessarily true at intermediate complexities.
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