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High-k gate stack reliability has become one of the critical factors impacting the introduction of advanced gate stacks in future technology nodes. A high density of as-grown electron traps in the transition metal oxides (Bersuker et al., 2004) and the presence of the SiO2 layer at the interface between the high-k dielectric and the substrate, complicate evaluation of stress-induced defect generation...
Constant voltage stress (CVS) combined with charge pumping (CP) measurements was applied to study trap generation phenomena in SiO2 /HfO2/TiN stacks. Using the analysis for frequency-dependent CP data developed to address depth profiling of the electron traps, we have determined that the voltage stress-induced generation of the defects contributing to threshold voltage instability in high-k gate stacks...
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