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Integration of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) will result in severe stress on electric grid. The EVs connected to the grid can also act as a source of energy and this demands greater control as well as coordination for better utilization. Conventional power transformers (CPTs) utilized in the EV charging stations are not well equipped for meeting these challenges. Recently, smart transformer...
Several Smart Transformer (ST) architectures have been discussed in literature and the modular approach proved to be interesting because of its advantage of fault tolerance associated to the possibility to use low voltage/current rated devices. In this context, this paper presents an overview and classification of the modular ST architectures, in which the topologies, connections and building block...
The Smart Transformer (ST) is a solid-state transformer performing not only a voltage step-down function but also energy and information management. With the help of control and communication technology, the ST can increase hosting capacity of renewable energies and provide ancillary services to utility and customers. To better exploit the potential of a ST-fed grid, a proper design of architecture,...
The smart transformer is a solid state transformer with advanced control functionalities that can efficiently manage a low-voltage micro-grid by also supporting the medium-voltage grid. Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converters proved to be a suitable option to realize the MV stage of the smart transformer due to their modularity and multi-level output. Normally the power is equally split among the CHB cells,...
Smart Transformer (ST) is a promising technology, which usually requires a high frequency high voltage dc-dc converter. This paper investigates the application of a Quad-Active-Bridges (QAB) converter using multilevel bridges as a solution for the dc-dc stage of Smart Transformer. The focus of this work is to compare in terms of efficiency 2-level and 3-levels bridges in a QAB converter for ST applications...
Smart grids have attracted the attention of the scientific community for years, since the ability to better manage distributed resources in a dynamic grid scenario is of paramount importance. Among the solutions that have been investigated, there is the smart transformer (ST) distribution concept, where an AC/AC power converter substitutes the traditional distribution transformer while enabling additional...
The Smart Transformer (ST), which is a power electronics-based transformer, represents an enabling technology for providing new services to the Low Voltage (LV) and Medium Voltage (MV) grid. The 3-stage configuration, with a high frequency transformer and 2 DC links, allows the electrical separation of the LV and MV grids. This leads to the independence of the two grids: any disturbance downstream...
A Smart Transformers (ST) is an automated transformer based on the latest power electronics and communication technologies. It aims not only at replacing the traditional transformer, but at providing also ancillary services to the grid, thanks to the greater flexibility offered by power electronics. However, in the case of grid overload caused by high load demand or high production from renewable...
A Smart Transformer (ST) is a power electronics-based transformer that aims not only to substitute the traditional transformer but to upgrade also the LV and MV grid. In order to limit the costs, the ST must be carefully designed, constraining the current carried by the ST. In this paper a Combined Frequency and Voltage Controller is proposed, in order to manage a possible overload without derating...
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