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The loop-stage-dependent exchange bias training effect has been systematically studied in the polycrystalline FeNi/FeMn bilayers. According to the ferromagnet (FM) magnetization states, an entire magnetic hysteresis loop can be divided into four different stages: 1) positive saturation stage; 2) descending branch; 3) negative saturation stage; and 4) ascending branch. The loop-stage-dependent training...
The intriguing magnetic states — skyrmion and skyrmion lattice — have been observed and created in helical magnetics, such as MnSi, Fe1−xCoxSi, the helical FeGe and monolayer Fe film [1-3]. The skyrmions in helical magnets are always associated with the chiral magnetic interaction, namely Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). However, several novel works present new approaches to create the skyrmion...
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