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Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be used as transfer vehicles carrying foreign proteins or antigen epitopes to produce chimeric VLPs for bivalent or multivalent vaccines. Based on the crystal structure of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) capsid protein (Cap), in addition to alignment of the Cap sequences collected from various isolates of PCV2 and PCV1, we predicted that Loop CD of the PCV2 Cap should...
The Onchocerca volvulus activation-associated secreted protein-1 (Ov-ASP-1) has good adjuvanticity for a variety of antigens and vaccines, probably due to its ability activate antigen-processing cells (APCs). However, the functional domain of Ov-ASP-1 as an adjuvant is not clearly defined. Based on the structural prediction of this protein family, we constructed a 16-kDa recombinant protein of Ov-ASP-1...
Because of their stability and ease of manipulation, DNA vaccines have considerable potential for eliciting immune responses. However, they are limited by their weak immunogenicity, especially in humans. To address this challenge, we explored a new strategy of HIV vaccine delivery using Salmonella typhi Ty21a bacterial ghosts (BGs). We found that Ty21a BGs loaded with an HIV gp140 DNA vaccine (Ty21a...
While many tumor associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified in human cancers, efforts to develop efficient TAA “cancer vaccines” using classical vaccine approaches have been largely ineffective. Recently, a process to specifically target proteins to exosomes has been established [1] which takes advantage of the ability of the factor V like C1C2 domain of lactadherin to specifically address proteins...
Unmethylated CpG motifs are capable of evoking a range of immunostimulatory effects in vertebrates and have tremendous potential to be used as therapeutic agents and adjuvants. This particular type of CpG motif has been demonstrated to be an excellent immune adjuvant mediated by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in various mammalian vaccines; however, only a few studies confirm its efficacy in avian vaccines...
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) can induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and promote Th1 immunity, and hence, it modulates immune functions. In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities of full length or mature chicken IL-18 expressed in a prokaryotic expression system (pCHIL18-F and pCHIL18-M, respectively) and chicken IL-18 expressed in a eukaryotic expression system (euCHIL18)...
In order to explore the safe and effective adjuvant for promotion of immunity of animals against infection, the experiment was carried out to shuffle Tibet pig IL-2 cDNA with other IL-2 cDNA from human, yak and mouse, and the effect of shuffled IL-2 (IL-2S) gene in vivo was investigated on immunity of mice to Pasteurella multocida. The IL-2S protein was found to remarkably promote the proliferation...
Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a fusion gene of porcine IL-4 and IL-6 (PIL4/IL6) packaged with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in terms of the development of a novel effective adjuvant. The IL4/PIL6 fusion gene was constructed and inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector. The plasmid was bound to CNP and then utilized to orally inoculate 21-day-old female Kunming mice that...
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