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The round window membrane (RWM) acts as a barrier between the middle ear and cochlea and can serve as a crucial route for therapeutic medications entering the inner ear via middle ear applications. In this study, we targeted the practical application of microbubbles (MBs) ultrasound on increasing the RWM permeability for facilitating drug or medication delivery to the inner ear. Using biotin–fluorescein...
Direct drug delivery into inner ear can be achieved by three approaches: (1) diffusion of drug through round window; (2) injection of drug through round window; (3) cochleostomy or canalostomy. The latter two approaches are invasive and have the risk of hearing loss and vertigo. Drug diffusion through round window is only the noninvasive approach. However, how to enhance drug diffusion and how to...
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