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This paper evaluates the use of an intermediate coupler in a series-series resonant configuration under different magnetic coupler displacements via mathematical and simulation analysis. The circular design was selected and different intermediate coil arrangements were simulated using a 3D FEM software. A variable inductor (VI) is inserted in the transmitter circuit to compensate the extra reactance...
This paper proposes a new Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) transmitter configuration tolerant to displacements in the magnetic coupler and in the resonant capacitors. The new configuration uses a variable inductor in the transmitter side to regulate the power supply impedance and achieve zero voltage switch (ZVS) for different vertical and horizontal displacements in the magnetic coupler. The proposed...
This paper investigates alternative designs to the magnetic coupling structures used in electric vehicle (EV) charging applications without ferrite cores for roadway applications. High permeable materials like ferrite enhances the power transfer capabilities in magnetic coupling structures whilst minimize the leakage flux. Nevertheless, in roadway applications, the use of magnetic coupling structures...
This paper presents the power converters topology and the corresponding control systems of a three-phase regenerative grid simulator. The proposed system consists in three identical single-phase units, each one consisting in two H-bridge power converters sharing a common dc-bus. The mathematical model of the two converters is developed and based on them, a finite control set model predictive control...
Most diagnostic techniques in the literature focus on the occurrence of a single fault, which limits their functionality. This paper presents a real-time diagnostic algorithm for multiple IGBT open-circuit faults in three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped converters. The proposed algorithm is based on an indirect analysis of the converter pole voltage errors and requires no additional sensors, relying only...
This paper presents a real-time diagnostic algorithm for IGBT open-circuit faults in Neutral-Point-Clamped converters, generalized for the N-level case. This algorithm can thus be used in any NPC converter without adaptations, regardless of the number of levels. The algorithm is based on the estimated instant pole voltage error and requires no additional sensors, relying only on signals already available...
The operating conditions of UPS inverters and the fact that the load is unknown lead to great difficulties in fault diagnosis. This paper proposes the use of a fault diagnosis algorithm based on estimated pole voltage error for UPS inverters based on the 3-level Neutral-Point-Clamped topology. This algorithm is independent from the load and is not affected by unbalanced three-phase operation. This...
This paper proposes the use of a fault diagnosis algorithm based on instant voltage error for Neutral-Point-Clamped active power filters. This algorithm uses only signals already available to the filter controller and thus does not require any additional hardware. The algorithm is highly independent from the load and control technique. Very fast diagnostics and a high reliability are achieved by considering...
This paper presents the behaviour of a full-bridge topology for an IPT system, considering misalignment impacts, and the design of a full-bridge isolated converter for an EV on-board charger fed by this IPT system. The double galvanic isolation is required since this on-board charger is expected to work also directly from the mains. The paper presents a brief description of the proposed IPT system...
This paper proposes a high-efficiency synchronous reluctance motor drive for the traction system of an electric vehicle. A vector control system, along with a maximum torque per ampere strategy was implemented taking into account the cross-magnetic saturation in the motor, to achieve a high- efficiency drive with a good dynamic behavior. Experimental results obtained in the laboratory, both in steady-state...
This paper presents a new online diagnostic approach for the detection of stator and rotor inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) faults in doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) for wind power applications. The proposed technique is based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the instantaneous stator reactive power. It is shown that stator and rotor ITSC faults in the DFIG can be reliably detected by...
This paper proposes a single controller placed on the primary side of an inductive power transfer (IPT) system to deliver a constant current to the electric vehicle (EV) batteries. The magnetic coupling structure model was developed in a finite element analysis software coupled to Simulink. Both theoretical and simulated results are presented to evaluate the proposed controller.
In this paper, the fault-tolerant capabilities of a back-to-back three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped induction motor drive are analysed. A strategy is proposed to manage fault-tolerant operation and the reconfiguration procedure, using minimal hardware expansion. This strategy includes diagnosis and tolerance solutions for IGBT open-circuit faults in both inverter and rectifier stages, thus guaranteeing...
This paper proposes a new technique for the detection of inter-turn short circuit faults in the stator and rotor windings of doubly-fed induction generators. The proposed technique is based on the Fast Fourier Transform of the stator instantaneous reactive power. The effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic method to detect these faults is evaluated by extensive experimental tests that were performed...
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation regarding the performance of a three-phase induction motor fed by a three-level neutral-point-clamped converter with fault tolerant control strategies. A discussion about the fault diagnostic method used in this work, together with the used fault tolerant control strategy is presented. Experimental results regarding the thermal, electrical...
Some of the main concerns in the use of power converters are their reliability and the ability to detect and maintain operation when in fault. Many techniques have been proposed to identify and respond to faults in Neutral-Point-Clamped converters. Most of these methods, however, require additional hardware and/or changes in the topology. In this paper, a NPC rectifier is investigated, including the...
The use of neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converters in high power systems brings many advantages when compared with traditional ones, and its application in active power filters is no exception. However, since it is needed a greater number of switching devices, the probability of a failure in these devices is higher and must be therefore to be taken into account. Then, in this paper is proposed a method...
This paper presents a diagnosis method for the detection and location of open-circuit faults in 3-Level NPC inverters with SVPWM modulation scheme based on even-order harmonic elimination. The performance of the NPC inverter under normal and faulty conditions is firstly investigated both by simulation and experiments. Afterwards, a method for inverter diagnosis is proposed, based on the Average Current...
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on derating of an induction motor under different voltage unbalanced conditions and its comparison with the NEMA standard MG1 voltage unbalance derating graph. During the derating tests the 4 kW squirrel cage induction motor temperature rise was kept constant at the rated value and the windings temperature was measured on-line by means of an...
Long distance European trains are usually powered by a single-phase AC line of 25 kV at 50 Hz. Traditionally a traction drive mainly consists of a single-phase AC/DC converter, a DC-link bus and a three-phase DC/AC PWM converter. In the past, the DC-link bus was obtained through diode rectifiers, which generate line currents with high harmonic distortion and low power factor. In order to reduce these...
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