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This paper discusses an equivalent circuit to consider the frequency dependence of soil parameters. The paper describes a calculation method of the constants of the equivalent circuit. Calculated results using the equivalent circuit considering the constants agree well with experimental results. The equivalent circuit can consider the frequency dependence and the current dependence of grounding resistance...
This paper proposes approximate formulas to estimate voltages on a horizontal grounding conductor. The formulas are derived in the time domain using Bewley's lattice diagram method based on transmission and reflection coefficients. The expression of the approximate formulas is simple, and the formulas are useful for engineers to carry out grounding system design for lightning protection. This paper...
This paper discusses transient response of grounding impedance. It is empirically known that grounding impedance shows capacitive variation for high grounding resistance, and inductive one for low value. This paper explains this response on the basis of travelling wave theory using an approximate formula for sending-end voltage on a grounding conductor.
This paper describes lightning surge propagation characteristics on a nonuniform line are dependent on location. The propagation characteristics of the nonuniform line are different from those of the uniform one due to multiple reflections on the nonuniform line. It is impossible to derive an analytical formula to represent the surge characteristics of the nonuniform line in time domain without assumption...
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