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The virulent isolate SDZB0808 of QX-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was continuously passaged in chicken embryos for 110 generations. The safety and immune efficacy of the 110th generation of IBVs (P110) were evaluated. Damage was not found in the appearance of the 3-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks immunized with 104.5 EID50 (median embryo infective dose) of P110 by intranasal and...
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infections remain the common public health problem in freshwater fish consumption areas. New effective prevention strategies are still the urgent challenges to control this kind of foodborne infectious disease. The biochemical importance and biological relevance render C. sinensis enolase (Csenolase) as a potential vaccine candidate. In the present study, we constructed...
In China, in 2010, a high proportion of pregnant women were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, the preventive actions taken following screening were unclear. We followed up infants who were born to HBsAg positive mothers to describe the management that took place after screening.We selected eight counties with a probability proportional to population size in the Qiandongnan prefecture,...
The immunogenicity identification of epidemic strain is important for the development and application of vaccine. In this study, 85 Streptococcus agalactiae prevalent strains from the tilapia main cultured areas of China were distributed among 10 distinct PFGE genotypes (A–J). For each genotype, one representative strain (S.a A –S.a J ) was selected to develop an inactivated whole-cell...
Hydatid disease is an important human zoonosis. Humans become infected from carnivores that are infected with the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. Carnivores become infected after consuming hydatid cysts from grazing animals, which are generally sheep, goats and cattle. A vaccine, known as EG95, can protect sheep and goats against cystic echinococcosis. This paper describes the adaptation of the...
To develop a safer, more immunogenic and efficacious vaccine against Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) infections, the gene of M-like protein (SzP) was placed under the strong vaccinia virus promoter P28 and then inserted into swinepox virus (SPV) genome. The recombinant swinepox virus (rSPV-szp) was isolated in a non-selective medium by the co-expression of Escherichia coli LacZ gene and...
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the most common etiological agent detected in cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) resulting in incidences of neurological complications and fatality in recent years. The clinical data have already shown the significant increase in recent EV71 epidemic activity throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Due to the lack of an effective antiviral agent, primary prevention of...
Human clonorchiasis, caused by the infection of Clonorchis sinensis, is endemic in China. In this study, a full-length cDNA sequence encoding C. sinensis tegumental protein 22.3kDa (CsTP22.3) was identified from adult cDNA library. Recombinant CsTP22.3 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli BL21. CsTP22.3 was immunolocalized at the tegument of adult C. sinensis by using anti-recombinant...
The recognition of specific pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family is critical for the activation of the adaptive immune response. Thus, incorporation of PAMPs into vaccines should result in more potent, protective antigen-specific responses in the absence of adjuvants or complex formulations. Here we describe an influenza A vaccine that is...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory disease among infants, the elderly and immunocompromised adults. In this study, we assessed the effects of α-galactosylceramide, a known immunoregulatory lipid, on liposomal RSV vaccine-induced responses in BALB/c mice subsequently challenged with RSV. Liposomes containing a recombinant fragment of the RSV G protein were prepared...
Recognition of specific pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is mediated primarily by members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. Stimulation through these receptors results in quantitative and qualitative changes in antigen presentation and cellular activation, thereby linking innate and adaptive immunity. Consequently, the incorporation of TLR-ligands into vaccines could result in...
Recent studies have indicated a dominant T cell epitope located approximately between amino acids 184 and 203 on the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein. Using an Escherichia coli-grown plasmid vector encoding a fragment of thioredoxin (Trx) fused to a central region (amino acids 128-229) of the RSV G protein, we employed site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the importance of selected...
The radiation-resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans contains a variety of phospho-, glyco- and phosphoglycolipids, the structures of which appear to be largely unique in nature. We show here that such lipids are immunogenic when administered as liposomes intranasally in mice, as evidenced by the induction of serum antibodies which recognize D. radiodurans lipids but not other lipids by thin...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and infants. Previous animal studies have shown that immunizing intramuscularly or intraperitoneally with the RSV G protein has elicited protective as well as harmful immune responses upon RSV challenge. In an RSV immunization strategy designed to target the respiratory tract directly (the site of...
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