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This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of Static Var Compensator (SVC), one of the shunt connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices; in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The presence of SVC on a transmission line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying point. In the presence...
This paper presents a new impedance based fault location method in the case of phase to phase and three phase faults. This method utilized the measured impedance by distance relay and super imposed current factor, which is the ratio of post-fault current to super imposed current, to discriminate the fault position on the line. This method is robust against the fault resistance. The presented method...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase of short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes new...
Distance protection is not utilized in distribution networks, unlike the transmission systems, due to the inherent characteristic of the distribution networks and the additional required facilities of the distance protection, compared with over-current protection, which is in use in the distribution systems. This paper presents the measured impedance at the source node of a distribution feeder in...
Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays leading to deviation of the measured impedance from its actual value. The presence of the fault resistance not only leads to measured resistance deviation, but also affects the measured reactance. This would lead to either under-reaching or over-reaching. This paper investigates the over-reaching aspect by defining over-reaching factor for...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in transmission systems. These relays are used as main, first zone and a part of second zone, and backup, the rest of second zone and third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper investigates the measured impedance...
This paper discusses the distance relay over-reaching due the presence of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, considering its MOV operation. This is done by presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of TCSC at the near end of the next line. The measured impedance...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase of the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on a double circuit transmission line. The presence of UPFC on a line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying point. The measured impedance itself depends on the power system structural...
This paper investigates the measured impedance at the relaying point considering the transmission line capacitance by utilizing a double equivalent model, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The distance relay ideal tripping characteristic is presented and investigated. The measured impedance at the relaying point and the ideal tripping characteristic are compared with...
This paper discusses the distance relay mal-operation in the case of installation of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the second circuit of a double circuit transmission line, for inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. This is done by means of presenting the measured impedance...
This paper discusses the distance relay ideal tripping characteristic in the presence of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the next line, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. Especial attention is paid to the over-reaching problem. This is done by presenting the measured impedance at the...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase in short circuit levels along the power systems, which itself causes...
This paper discusses the impact of a directly connected load to transmission lines, without switching and protective facilities, on distance relays at the line ends, by means of presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point and the distance relay ideal tripping characteristic. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line structural and pre-fault...
Distance protection is not utilized in distribution networks, unlike the transmission systems, due to the inherent characteristic of the distribution networks and the additional required facilities of distance protection, compared with over-current protection, which is in use in the distribution systems. This paper discusses the measured impedance by six elements of distance relay first zone applied...
This paper discusses the distance relay ideal tripping characteristic in the presence of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices on the next line and pays especial attention to the distance relay over-reaching problem. This is done by presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of UPFC at the near end...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main, the first zone and a part of the second zone, and the backup, the rest of the second zone and the third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper compares...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main and backup protective device. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper discusses the measured impedance by six elements of distance relay first zone in the case of a single phase...
This paper discusses the distance relay ideal tripping characteristic in the presence of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the next line, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. Especial attention is paid to the over-reaching problem. This is done by presenting the...
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