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This paper is an extension to the paper entitled “Arctic Sea Ice Variability and Trend over Past Two Decade” presented in National Symposium on Weather & Climate Extremes, Chandigarh [1]. There the arctic sea ice variability was studied from 1990 to 2012 only. So in continuation the remaining years have been studied and the analysis of the satellite data from year 1980 to 2015 has been made. Along...
The microwaves are a part of electromagnetic spectrum. The frequency range from 3 GHz to 30 GHz is designated as microwaves. The microwaves are used extensively in remote sensing because of its unique capabilities like day and night capability and all weather capability. Because of these they have stand alone applications. Microwave sensors are either active or passive type. These sensors provide...
Microwaves are part of radio spectrum the frequency bands in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz are characterized as microwave. This part of spectrum has unique capabilities for microwave remote sensing. The microwaves can be used for remote sensing of objects in day as well as in night. They have all weather capability because microwaves can penetrate clouds. The soil moisture can be determined using microwave...
The soil is one of the natural earth material which is produced by withering of rocks. The soil is characterized by its physical and electrical parameters. The physical parameters include the texture, temperature, surface roughness. The electrical parameters are dielectric constant, emissivity and scattering coefficient. The emissivity and scattering coefficient are function of dielectric constant...
The study of the extent of ice on Himalayas has been done using data from different passive sensors on board satellites, starting from Nimbus. The Indian satellite OCEANSAT-I carried a microwave passive sensor MSMR operating at different frequencies 6.6, 10.6, 18 and 21 GHz with dual polarization having different spatial resolutions of the order of 150, 75 and 50 km. For study of snow and ice the...
The soil is one of the natural earth material which is produced by withering of rocks. The soil is mix of sand, silt and clay with air pores. The compactness of soil depends upon the percentage of these constituents and the pore size. The dry soil has its dielectric constant which is independent of frequency and so the scattering coefficient also will be independent of frequency for pure dry sand...
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