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Distance protection is not utilized in distribution networks, unlike the transmission systems, due to the inherent characteristic of the distribution networks and the additional required facilities of the distance protection, compared with over-current protection, which is in use in the distribution systems. This paper presents the measured impedance at the source node of a distribution feeder in...
Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays leading to deviation of the measured impedance from its actual value. The presence of the fault resistance not only leads to measured resistance deviation, but also affects the measured reactance. This would lead to either under-reaching or over-reaching. This paper investigates the over-reaching aspect by defining over-reaching factor for...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in transmission systems. These relays are used as main, first zone and a part of second zone, and backup, the rest of second zone and third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper investigates the measured impedance...
Distance protection is not utilized in distribution networks, unlike the transmission systems, due to the inherent characteristic of the distribution networks and the additional required facilities of distance protection, compared with over-current protection, which is in use in the distribution systems. This paper discusses the measured impedance by six elements of distance relay first zone applied...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main and backup protective device. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper discusses the measured impedance by six elements of distance relay first zone in the case of a single phase...
This paper discusses the maximum ground fault resistance, which can be tolerated by a distance relay with Mho characteristic applied at the source node of a distribution feeder. This resistance is defined as the boundary fault resistance which is the boundary of the distance relay correct discrimination between in-zone and out-of-zone faults. The robustness criterion is defined based on the boundary...
This paper discusses the maximum ground fault resistance, which can be tolerated by a distance relay with Quadrilateral characteristic applied at the source node of a distribution feeder. This resistance is defined as the boundary fault resistance which is the boundary of the distance relay correct discrimination between in-zone and out-of-zone faults. The robustness criterion is defined based on...
This paper discusses the maximum fault resistance, which can be tolerated by a distance relay with Mho characteristic in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. This is defined as the boundary fault resistance, that in the case of the lower fault resistances, the relay can discriminate between in-zone and out-of-zone faults satisfactorily. The robustness criterion is defined...
This paper discusses the distance relay mal-operation in the presence of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device. This is done by presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of SSSC presence at the near end of the line behind. Measured impedance by distance relay is greatly influenced...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The presence of SSSC on a transmission line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying...
This paper discusses the maximum fault resistance, which can be tolerated by a distance relay with Mho characteristic applied at the source node of a distribution feeder, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. This resistance is defined as the boundary fault resistance which is the boundary of the distance relay correct discrimination between in-zone and out-of-zone faults...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of a flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) device, i.e. unified power flow controller (UPFC). The presence of UPFC on a transmission line has a great influence on the tripping characteristic of distance relays. Distance relay tripping characteristic itself depends on the power system structural conditions...
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