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This paper proposes an innovative transformer management system (TMS) for energy control of customer loads and photovoltaic (PV) systems to solve the problems of transformer overloading and over voltage due to power injection by PV renewable energy. The operation status of distribution transformers is monitored by transformer terminal unit (TTU) and reported to the control master station via the hybrid...
The parabolic equation (PE) method is derived from the wave equation, and it has been widely used to solve electromagnetic wave propagation problems. In recent years, it was realized that the PE method can also be applied to scattering problems. The PE method meets the demand for higher efficiency and accuracy at the same time when there are limited computational resources. In this paper, both co-polarized...
In this paper, we present a method for the synthesis of multiple beams sparse array pattern based on the unitary matrix method (UMP). A Hankel block matrix is constructed from the sample data of the multiple beams pattern, we can obtain the corresponding excitation for each beam and the sparse array element position through the generalized value decomposition of the equivalent matrix pencil. The numerical...
In this paper, an efficient approach, named unitary matrix pencil method, is presented for pattern synthesis of sparse linear arrays. An equivalent real-valued matrix pencil can be achieved to determine the relation between element positions and new generalized eigenvalues through using the unitary transformation for the Hankel matrix with the sampled pattern data. The proposed method increases up...
In recent years, the size of semiconductor structure has become so small that we have to take into account quantum effects. In this paper, the FDM is used to solve the Schrödinger-Poisson equations, because it has a better computing efficiency in one-dimentional situation. The precorrection is used to enhance the convergence of the two equations.
In this paper, the spectral element method is used to build a hydrodynamic model in order to solve the semiconductor transient simulation. The hydrodynamic model consists of five nonlinear differential equations: the electron current continuity equation and hole current continuity equation, electron energy-balance equation, hole energy-balance equation and Poisson's equation. Unlike the drift-diffusion(DD)...
For nonlinear analysis of microwave circuit, the conventional full-wave field-circuit coupled algorithm based on time domain volume surface integral equation (TD-VSIE) is usually employed. As a result of the existence of nonlinear equations, the Newton iteration solution is used. In this paper, Thevenin's theorem is applied to combine with field-circuit coupling algorithm based on TD-VSIE for analyzing...
Wafer reconstitution is a vital process for serving as a buffer to decouple the processing developments between IC fabrication and electronics packaging. By this approach, the IC packaging is then independent from the chip processing. However, such a process brings numerous mechanical loadings during molding and curing phases. Without carefully planning, failures such as die-shifting and excessive...
We study the polarity effect of electrostatic discharge (ESD) of the integrated electro-absorption modulated laser (EML) devices for 100/400G applications. We show that the ESD of integrated EML exhibits stronger polarity dependence compared to the discrete laser diode or planar photodiode devices, likely related to the interface state. The ESD polarity ratio of forward vs. reverse bias is 32.5 for...
In this paper, a group-based fast symbol detection scheme is proposed for massive G-STBC MIMO systems. The proposed scheme first chooses a number G, (e.g. G = 4, 6, 8) as the size of each group and then conducts the MMSE detectors to facilitate symbol detection group by group. In particular, instead of directly using huge computational complexity to compute the MMSE detectors, the proposed scheme...
Here, the authors demonstrate a method called "Membrane Chips Lithography (MCL)" to form photopolymerized hydrogel-based micro-architectures that utilize polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) — based microstructures and oxygen inhibition layers. The hydrogel microstructures differ from other microstructures exposed by the transparency mask whereas focusing on designed membrane chips. Base on the thin...
This paper presents a grid-connected bi-directional modular multilevel converter (MMC) with division-summation (D-Σ) digital control to achieve power injection and rectification functions. The D-Σ digital control is adopted to track current reference, regulate dc-bus voltage and cell voltage, and balance the upper and lower dc-bus voltages. It can accommodate wide filter inductance variation and take...
This study investigates the cell voltages and arm currents in double-star modular multilevel converters (DSMMCs) based on power balance and current tracking control law. DSMMCs have been widely applied to static synchronous compensators, high-voltage direct-current transmission, back-to-back power transfer systems, wind/solar power generation and battery storage systems. The size of capacitors in...
Implementation of thick Cu inductor in IC chips has been a highly challenging task for Far-backend packaging industry. One of the major concerns is that the thicker Cu trace wrapped by re-passivation polymer layers (Polymer-1 & Polymer-2) is often accompanied by remarkable internal stress in the overall package, which is plagued with the risk of layer-to-layer delamination and/or interface micro-cracks...
Polymer film is general used for stress buffer and dielectric film for Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP). Chemical resistance and mechanical resistance of polymer films usually get worse after several processes with chemicals or heat. Weak chemical or mechanical resistance will induce polymer film cracking. Polymer cracking further induces humidity penetration into RDL (Re-distribution Layer)...
Consumption of ultrapure water (UPW) during semiconductor manufacturing processes is an important topic. A new design of water-dispensing arm employs a small volume of UPW to remove slurry residues inside pad grooves. This innovative water conditioning arm, in contrast to the conventional atomizer and diamond disc, not only reduces UPW consumption by 87% but also reduces scratch defects. The small...
Consumption of ultrapure water (UPW) during semiconductor manufacturing processes is an important topic. A new design of water-dispensing arm employs a small volume of UPW to remove slurry residues inside pad grooves. This innovative water conditioning arm, in contrast to the conventional atomizer and diamond disc, not only reduces UPW consumption by 87% but also reduces scratch defects. The small...
The pSTT MRAM array with stepped structure MTJ is fully integrated with standard 0.18 µm CMOS process. Using a low power etch process greatly improves the uniformity of MR and RP. The bit pattern is randomized with a voltage method and a cost-effective field method; the latter can be incorporated into wafer processing. We showed the bit pattern is unpredictable under the same sub-critical stimulation,...
In this paper, physical model for microwave pulse coupling into cavities through narrow slots is presented, and the equation for predicting the dependence of coupling on the polarization directions of the incident pulse is derived. The modified FDTD method is used to simulate the coupling process. We observe the resonant and enhancement effects which occur in the process, and present the condition...
This paper presents a new compensation method about speed sensorless vector control of induction motor(IM). The proposed method calculates a direction of the flux by reducing the q-axis flux to zero which is obtained a flux observer. In order to stabilize the system at regenerating operation, a new compensation method is proposed. The effectiveness of proposed compensation method is confirmed by stability...
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