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The potential effects of insect‐resistant, genetically engineered (GE) crops on non‐target organisms, especially on predators and parasitoids, must be evaluated before their commercial cultivation. The effects of GE maize that produces Cry1Ac toxin on the parasitoid Macrocentrus cingulum were assessed by direct bioassay and indirect bioassay. In the indirect bioassay, parasitism rate, cocoon weight...
In assessing an insect‐resistant genetically engineered (IRGE) crop before its commercialization, researchers normally use so‐called “Tier‐1 assays” as the initial step to determine the effects of the crop on non‐target organisms. In these tests, the insecticidal proteins (IPs) produced by the IRGEs are added to the diets of test organisms in the laboratory. Test organisms in such assays can be directly...
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