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Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase of the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes...
This paper presents the effects of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading,...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main, the first zone and a part of the second zone, and the backup, the rest of the second zone and the third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper compares...
This paper studies the effects of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point for faults on a double circuit transmission line in the case of the inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main, First zone and a part of second zone, and the backup, the rest of second zone and third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper investigates the measured...
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