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This paper presents the effects of Static Var Compensator (SVC), one of the shunt connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading, line structural...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase of short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes new...
Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays leading to deviation of the measured impedance from its actual value. The presence of the fault resistance not only leads to measured resistance deviation, but also affects the measured reactance. This would lead to either under-reaching or over-reaching. This paper investigates the over-reaching aspect by defining over-reaching factor for...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in transmission systems. These relays are used as main, first zone and a part of second zone, and backup, the rest of second zone and third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper investigates the measured impedance...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase of the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on a double circuit transmission line. The presence of UPFC on a line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying point. The measured impedance itself depends on the power system structural...
This paper investigates the measured impedance at the relaying point considering the transmission line capacitance by utilizing a double equivalent model, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The distance relay ideal tripping characteristic is presented and investigated. The measured impedance at the relaying point and the ideal tripping characteristic are compared with...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase in short circuit levels along the power systems, which itself causes...
This paper presents the measured impedance by a distance relay with positive sequence voltage memory in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected FACTS devices, on a transmission line. The measured impedance by distance relay is affected by the system structural conditions, pre-fault loading, and the ground fault resistance, as well as the presence...
This paper presents the effects of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading,...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes...
This paper discusses the measured impedance by distance relay in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the next line, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. Especial attention is paid to the over-reaching problem. The measured impedance at the relaying...
This paper discusses the maximum ground fault resistance, which can be tolerated by a distance relay with Mho characteristic applied at the source node of a distribution feeder. This resistance is defined as the boundary fault resistance which is the boundary of the distance relay correct discrimination between in-zone and out-of-zone faults. The robustness criterion is defined based on the boundary...
This paper studies the effects of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point for faults on a double circuit transmission line in the case of the inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected...
This paper discusses the maximum ground fault resistance, which can be tolerated by a distance relay with Quadrilateral characteristic applied at the source node of a distribution feeder. This resistance is defined as the boundary fault resistance which is the boundary of the distance relay correct discrimination between in-zone and out-of-zone faults. The robustness criterion is defined based on...
Distance relays are widely in use as main and back-up protective devices for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors. Continued demand for electricity energy leads to increase in the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes new problems. One of the proposed solutions for this problem is...
This paper presents the effects of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading, the line structural conditions,...
This paper presents the effects of STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM), one of the shunt connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of the inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading,...
This paper presents the effects of thyristor controlled phase shifter transformer (TCPST), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of the inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading, the...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), a shunt connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) device, on a double circuit transmission line. The presence of STATCOM on a line has a great influence on the measured impedance by distance relays. The measured impedance by a distance relay itself...
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