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The paper explores adaptive and evolvable hardware (AEH) solutions from three essential perspectives: (a) technology, (b) economics and (c) system architecture. After setting the basis for the AEH terminology and taxonomy, the paper takes a look at the "market" and what adaptation is expected to provide to satisfy user needs and to solve real-world problems. Technologies that offer adaptation...
Technology trends are such that single event effects (SEE) are likely to become even more of a concern for the future. Decreasing feature sizes, lower operating voltage, and higher speeds, all conspire to increase susceptibility to single event upsets (SEU). Upset in avionics is an established concern. Upset at the ground level is becoming a concern for manufacturers of microelectronics for terrestrial...
This paper describes a new reconfigurable analog array (RAA) architecture and an integrated circuit (IC), and its use to map analog circuits that adapt to extreme temperatures. Evolution-driven adaptation takes place on the RAA IC, guided by algorithms implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) collocated with the RAA in the extreme temperature environment. The experiments demonstrate circuit...
Space missions often require radiation and extreme-temperature hardened electronics to survive the harsh environments beyond earth's atmosphere. Traditional approaches to preserve electronics incorporate radiation shielding, insulation and redundancy at the expense of power and weight. In this work, we report the implementation of a self-adaptive system using a field programmable gate array (FPGA)...
In this paper, we draw an analogy to a field which has a great deal in common with computer vision. This field is that of biometric technologies, which attempt to generate computer models of humans' appearance or behavior with a view to reliable personal identification. Computer graphics, in its turn, can be likened to biometric synthesis - rendering biometric phenomena from their corresponding computer...
This paper presents a concept of biometric-based early-warning and intelligent support for physical access security system (PASS). The early warning principle exploits the real-time analysis of the biometrics of the individual being scanned. Binding all sources of information into an objective supported by intelligence tools not only provides for reliable identification of an individual, but also...
The variability of biometric data is one of the most significant sources of errors in the application of biometric devices. In some specific-area applications, the problem of errors and the minimization of wrong decisions caused by these errors, can be alleviated by using friendly interfaces between biometric devices, as well as decision making procedure. These interfaces are based on the semantic...
Reconfigurable architectures are becoming increasingly popular with space related design engineers as they are inherently flexible to meet multiple requirements and offer significant performance and cost savings for critical applications. As the microelectronics industry has advanced, integrated circuit (IC) design and reconfigurable architectures (FPGAs, reconfigurable SoC and etc) have experienced...
This paper represents a design technique for hardening combinational circuits mapped onto any reconfigurable architecture. An effective and simple algorithm for signal probabilities has been used to detect SEU sensitive gates for a given combinational circuit. The circuit can be hardened against radiation effects by applying triple modular redundancy (TMR) technique to only these sensitive gates....
Observation and understanding of real world activities and phenomena is a basis of inquiry and reasoning and subsequently building of scientific knowledge. This involves moving from the perception of real world phenomena to constructing and exploring qualitative and quantitative relations that hold among the main elements. The transition between the two phases is not always smooth for the learners...
There is an increasing need to develop flexible, reconfigurable, and intelligent multi-spacecraft sensing networks for aerospace-based monitoring and diagnostics. Technical advancements in ad hoc networking, MEMS devices, low-power electronics, adaptive and reconfigurable hardware, micro-spacecraft, and micro-sensors have enabled the design and development of such highly integrated space wireless...
Space missions often require radiation and extreme-temperature hardened electronics to survive the harsh environments beyond earth's atmosphere. Traditional approaches to preserve electronics incorporate radiation shielding, insulation and redundancy at the expense of power and weight. In this work, we report the implementation of a self-adaptive system using a field programmable gate array (FPGA)...
This paper presents a unique SEU (single event upset) mitigation technique based upon temporal data sampling for synchronous circuits and configuration bit storage for programmable devices. The design technique addresses both conventional static SEUs and SETs (single event transients) induced errors that can result in data loss for any synchronous and reconfigurable architecture. The proposed scheme...
The discrete wavelet transform (DWT), as defined by the image compression standard JPEG-2000, is one of the most time-consuming computations which cannot be efficiently executed on current hardware architectures. This paper presents and compares a number of new, different architectures for domain-specific arrays to efficiently implement various DWT algorithms. A number of different algorithms are...
This paper describes a new reconfigurable analog array (RAA) architecture and integrated circuit (IC) used to map analog circuits that can adapt to extreme temperatures under programmable control. Algorithm-driven adaptation takes place on the RAA IC. The algorithms are implemented in a separate field programmable gate array (FPGA) IC, co-located with the RAA in the extreme temperature environment...
This paper presents a unique SEU (single event upset) mitigation technique based upon temporal data sampling for synchronous circuits and configuration bit storage for programmable devices. The design technique addresses both conventional static SEUs and SETs (single event transients) induced errors that can result in data loss for reconfigurable architectures. The proposed scheme not only eliminates...
This paper presents a vision of humanoid robots as human's key partners in future space exploration, in particular for construction, maintenance/repair and operation of lunar/planetary habitats, bases and settlements. It integrates this vision with the recent plans for human and robotic exploration, aligning a set of milestones for operational capability of humanoids with the schedule for the next...
Commercially off the shelf (COTS) available reconfigurable architectures are becoming popular for applications where high dependability, performance and low costs are mandatory constraints such as space applications. We present a unique SEE (single event effect) mitigation technique based upon temporal data sampling and weighted voting for synchronous circuits and configuration bit storage for reconfigurable...
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