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Mid-IR interband cascade lasers will be reviewed. Advantages include 3–6 μm spectral coverage, wallplug efficiency up to 18% when operated in cw mode at ambient temperature, and ultra-low threshold drive power.
We report a 7-stage narrow-ridge interband-cascade laser emitting at λ ≈ 3.5 µm that produces up to 592 mW of cw power, with a wallplug efficiency of 10.1% and M2 = 3.7 at T = 25 °C.
The cw operating temperature of ICLs emitting at 3.9, 4.7 and 5.6 μm is extended to 107 °C, 60°C, and 48°C, respectively. The threshold powers range from several tens to several hundred mW at 25°C.
We demonstrate butt-coupling of a 3.4 μm interband cascade laser into a 3.7 μm thick by 7 μm wide GeSbS chalcogenide ridge waveguide and measure a total insertion loss of −28 dB.
We report that various recent design modifications and optimizations have produced significant advances in the performance of interband cascade lasers (ICLs) for the mid-IR spectral band. Figure 1 illustrates the progression with time of ICL pulsed threshold current densities, as compared to some of the lowest reported results for quantum cascade lasers. All of the ICL devices were standard 150-µm-wide...
Semiconductor laser sources for the critical 3–5 um spectral range are evolving and improving rapidly, with significant advancements reported within the last year for three fundamentally different approaches: the intersubband quantum cascade laser (QCL),1 the type-I quantum well (QW) diode laser,2 and the interband cascade laser (ICL).3 Of these three, the most promising candidate to cover the entire...
We report Fabry-Perot interband cascade lasers coupled to rectangular ring resonators that produce up to 5 mW of cw power in a single spectral mode at 3°C. The tuning range at 3–28°C exceeds 8 nm.
Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) that operated in continuous-wave (cw) mode at temperatures up to 62°C have been previously demonstrated. However, spectroscopic applications such as gas sensing also require emission into a single spectral mode that can be tuned over a wide wavelength range by varying the injection current and/or temperature. A step in that direction is this report of an...
We discuss the growth and state-of-the-art performance characteristics of mid-infrared interband cascade lasers. Broad-area devices with 5 active stages display pulsed threshold current densities as low as 400 A/cm2 at room temperature, owing to an unexpectedly strong suppression of Auger recombination. New designs also produce lasers with internal losses as low as ≈ 6 cm-1 at room temperature. We...
We report corrugated-sidewall distributed-feedback interband cascade lasers that produce 45 mW of cw power in a single spectral mode at -20oC, with maximum wall-plug efficiency of 7.6%. The current tuning range (0-25oC) is 11 nm.
Improvements in the design of mid-infrared interband cascade lasers have allowed them to operate cw to 334 and 319 K for devices with emission wavelengths of 3.3 and 3.7 mum, respectively.
A 3-mm-long, 150-mum-wide broad-area quantum cascade laser (lambda = 4.65 mum) with sidewall corrugations produced a maximum-current-limited pulsed output power of 53 W and wall-plug efficiency of 29.4% from two facets at 80 K. The processing was applied to a structure which employed a Ga0.33In0.67As/Al0.64In0.36As strain-compensated double-phonon design with the injection barrier thinned in order...
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