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The fundamental salt and water transport properties of cellulose ester polymers have been studied and correlated with their hydrated free volume, as probed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), to provide scientific insights for material development in seawater desalination. It has been found that the hydrated free volume is strongly dependent on water uptake. The water sorption in...
Water and salt transport properties were determined in a family of sulfonated pentablock copolymers to characterize their potential as chlorine-tolerant desalination membrane materials. The degree of sulfonation, block molecular weight, and casting conditions can be independently varied to tune the transport properties of these materials. Data for water uptake, water permeability, salt permeability,...
Many transport concepts have been proposed for desalination by reverse osmosis; however, one of the most useful has been the solution-diffusion mechanism as articulated mathematically by Lonsdale, Merten, and Riley in 1965. Their simple formulation has proved effective for describing desalination by reverse osmosis in spite of the many simplifying assumptions, either explicitly or implicitly, used...
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