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Postoperative pain, although frequently encountered, is often undertreated.A new method of treating postoperative pain is preemptive analgesia, which seeks to prevent or diminish pain before it is caused. A variety of drugs may be used and include nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, opioids, and ketamine. They may be given before, during, and after surgery through the oral, intramuscular,...