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We have investigated the surface and near-surface bulk chemical properties of differently stressed (Au/Cu/)CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells. The employed Au/Cu contact design created unique samples in which both the back contact surface/interface and the (back) surface of the CdTe absorber were exposed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and soft x-ray emission spectroscopy were employed to determine...
We have used a lift-off technique and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe initially buried interfaces of a CdTe solar cell after CdCl2 and contact treatments. We find that the cleavage takes place at or near the CdTe/CdS interface. On both surfaces, Cl is present, most likely due to diffusion through the CdTe layer during the high-temperature CdCl2 activation step. Te is present on both cleavage-exposed...
In a cross-sectional X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping study of sputtered CdTe cells, sulfur was found to migrate and accumulate near the back contact. X-ray emission spectra of chloride-treated CdS/CdTe films confirm the accumulation of sulfur at the back surface. A part of the surface sulfur is found to be oxidized in the form of sulfate when Cu is present at the back contact.
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