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Live, attenuated yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine is highly efficacious but causes rare, serious adverse events resulting from active replication in the host and direct viral injury to vital organs. We recently reported development of a potentially safer β-propiolactone-inactivated whole virion YF vaccine (XRX-001), which was highly immunogenic in mice, hamsters, monkeys, and humans [10,11]. To characterize...
In the last 10 years new concerns have arisen about safety of the live, attenuated yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine, in particular viscerotropic adverse events, which have a case-fatality rate of 64%. A non-replicating cell culture-based vaccine would not cause these adverse events, and potentially could be used in persons with precautions or contraindications to use of the live vaccine, including age...
Yellow fever (YF) is a life-threatening mosquito-borne flaviviral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) characterized by severe hepatitis, renal failure, hemorrhage, and rapid terminal events with shock and multi-organ failure. A live, attenuated vaccine (YF 17D), in wide use for over 60 years, causes a disease identical to wild-type virus at an incidence of 2.5×10 −6 . Our current understanding of the...
Numerous viruses of the Flaviviridae family, including dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile, cause significant disease in humans and animals. The structure and function of the molecular components of the flavivirus envelope are therefore of significant interest. To our knowledge, a membrane (M) protein mutation which affects the pH at which flavivirus particles are inactivated...
Yellow fever (YF) is a major health problem in endemic regions of Africa and South America. It also poses a serious health risk to travellers to areas with endemic disease. Currently, there is no effective drug treatment for YF; however, 17D YF vaccines have demonstrated high rates of effectiveness and good safety profiles. This workshop was organized to review key data and issues about YF disease...
Yellow fever, a mosquito-borne haemorrhagic fever, has an incidence of about 200,000 cases per year in tropical areas of South America and Africa, a small fraction of which are officially reported. The case-fatality rate is 20–50%. There are three clinical periods of the disease — a nonspecific febrile period, a brief period of remission, and a period of intoxication during which the pathognomonic...
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