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Bismuthate erbium (Er)-doped waveguide amplifiers consist of an Er-doped core surrounded by an Er-free cladding film with lower refractive index. The propagation loss of a waveguide critically depends on both the thickness and the refractive index of its core and cladding films; hence, these two properties of such films must be controlled. We studied the influence of magnetic fields on a batch-to-batch...
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