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Particle flocculation with chemical flocculant addition is an essential step in water treatment. The performance of flocculation and the property of the flocs formed affect the overall results of the treatment process. In addition to particulate impurities, the presence of organic matter in water, such as natural organic materials (NOM), also influence the effectiveness of chemical flocculation. In...
The objective of this paper is to introduce a general model of hot-spot temperature rise calculation for the non-directed flow windings in order to explain the thermal overshoot phenomenon. The model employs heat transfer principles and hydrodynamics, in which the duct oil flow velocity is taken into account, and is validated using experimental results obtained for step changing load current on a...
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