The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Utilities use the bus/branch model for planning and operations studies. In the bus/branch model, bus numbers are used as unique identifiers. However, bus numbers can change due to addition of equipment, specific substation configurations (splitting buses) or due to equipment outages. This often creates problems because many auxiliary files used in power system studies need to be modified. If the node/breaker...
Power Systems Operations and Planning departments historically use different models. Online operations models are based upon node-breaker representation of the system whereas offline planning models are based on bus-branch representation of the same system. Use of different models to represent the same power system leads to discrepancies in data and makes it difficult and inefficient to validate the...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.