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Background Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is relatively rare disease and pathogenesis and methods of treatments were still not established. Then, we had conducted the making clinical guidelines to manage patients with PSC based on the literature review and expert opinions. These clinical guidelines were made for the medical doctors on the management of PSC, except child case of PSC. Methods...
Background: The sensitivity of transpapillary biliary forceps biopsy for malignancy has been reported as varying from 43–81%. Therefore, there are false negatives in more than 20% of patients, which makes it difficult to diagnose benign biliary stricture as benignancy in a clinical setting.
Methods: To clarify the number of tissue samples that should be obtained during transpapillary forceps biopsy...
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