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ATP is synthesized by an enzyme that utilizes proton motive force and thus nature creates various proton pumps. The best understood proton pump is bacteriorhodopsin (BR), an outward-directed light-driven proton pump in Halobacterium salinarum. Many archaeal and eubacterial rhodopsins are now known to show similar proton transport activity. Proton pumps must have a specific mechanism to exclude transport...
Proteorhodopsin (PR), an archaeal-type rhodopsin found in marine bacteria, functions as a light-driven proton pump. The proton-pumping activity of PR is highly pH-dependent, its exact mechanism being still controversial. The present FTIR spectra are very similar at pH 10 and 5 in the 1800–900cm −1 region, but significantly different in the 2700–2000cm −1 region. This implies that the...
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