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Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is common in patients with coma with a prevalence between 5% and 48%. Patients in deep coma may exhibit epileptiform EEG patterns, such as generalized periodic spikes, and there is an ongoing debate about the relationship of these patterns and NCSE. The purposes of this review are (i) to discuss the various EEG patterns found in coma, its fluctuations, and transitions...
Postictal symptoms, because of activation of inhibitory systems, have to be distinguished from ongoing ictal activity. The categorical concept of pure ictal and pure postictal symptoms cannot be supported by clinical observation alone. Differentiation between postictal and ictal behavioral phenomena can be difficult even with the use of electroencephalography, as clear-cut definitions of ictal and...
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in a comatose patient cannot be diagnosed without electroencephalography (EEG). In many advanced coma stages, the EEG exhibits continuous or periodic EEG abnormalities, but their causal role in coma remains unclear in many cases. To date there is no consensus on whether to treat NCSE in a comatose patient in order to improve the outcome or to retract from treatment,...
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