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This paper reports the first demonstration of a light-regulated bio-micro-actuator powered by a transgenic Drosophila melanogaster DV tissue (insect heart muscle). We expressed a mutant form of blue light-sensitive cation channel, channelrhodopsin-2, into the cell membrane of the DV tissue. The DV tissue was assembled into a micro-structure made of poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The light-sensitive...
This paper describes an insect muscle-powered autonomous microrobot (iPAM) which can work long-term at room temperature without any maintenance. The iPAM moved autonomously at an average velocity of 26.4 μm/s using spontaneous contractions of a whole insect dorsal vessel (DV) and the moving velocity was accelerated temporally by adding insect hormone. These results suggest that the insect DV has a...
This article describes the computer analysis and experimental result of building up jellyfish robot from cardiomyocytes gel consisting of rat cardiomyocytes and collagen gel. Previous studies show the cardiomyocyte gel has some unique abilities such as autonomous pulsation, shape-controllable by mold or driven by chemical energy. We thought that the pulsation of gels could be utilized as mobility...
Living muscle tissue and cells have been attracted as an actuator candidate. In particular, an insect dorsal vessel (DV) tissue is well suited for an actuator since it is capable of contracting spontaneously and more environmentally robust under culturing conditions compared with mammalian tissue and cells. Here we demonstrate a temperature-tolerant microrobot powered by insect DV tissue. A polypod...
A three-dimensional cardiomyocyte gel was reconstructed using an extracellular matrix gel formed from Matrigel and collagen I. The autonomous beating of the cardiomyocyte gel was synchronized with contraction of cardiomyocytes in the gel. The gel beating frequency was increased by increasing the concentration of adrenaline in the cardiomyocyte culturing medium. Drug stimulation to modulate the beating...
In this paper, we proposed to utilize a reconstructed cardiac tissue as microactuator with easy assembly. In a glucose solution, cardiomyocytes can contract autonomously using only chemical energy. However, a single cardiomyocyte is not enough to actuate a microrobot or a mechanical system. Though the output power will increase by using multiple cardiomyocyte, it is difficult to assemble those cardiomyocyte...
This paper examines biological regulation of micropillar actuation by insect dorsal vessel tissue. Micromechanical devices using mammalian cardiomyocytes have been reported, but they work only at only at 37degC and at pH of around 7.4. On the other hand, insect cells can survive and proliferate at 20 to 30degC and at pH 6 to 8. We have already proposed utilization of insect heart tissue as a bio-actuator...
Biological cells have a variety of high performance functions using chemical energy from oxygen and nutrients and no electrical energy. We have proposed a novel use of pulsating heart cells as mechanical micro actuators. Here we propose a novel bio-actuated power generator combined with the contractile force of heart muscle cells and piezoelectric fiber as a material combination to convert vibrational...
Natural cellular activities are increasingly exploited for micro analytical systems, biochemical reactors. We have proposed novel use of pulsating heart cells as mechanical micro actuators. Here we propose a novel bio-actuated power generator combined with the contractile force of heart muscle cells and piezoelectric fiber as a material of vibration energy conversion into electrical energy. Their...
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