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Oligodendrocytes produce lipid‐rich myelin sheaths that provide metabolic support to the underlying axon and facilitate saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocyte mitochondria supply the bulk of energy and carbon‐chain backbones required for lipid synthesis. The sparsity of mitochondria in the myelin sheath suggests that tight regulation of mitochondrial trafficking is crucial for their efficient distribution...
Cover Illustration: Confocal image of a mature oligodendrocyte in vitro following the addition of netrin‐1, immuno‐labelled for the mitochondrial docking protein syntaphilin (red), the outer mitochondrial membrane protein TOM20 (green), myelin basic protein (white), and Hoechst dye (blue). Syntaphilin is associated with mitochondria in mature oligodendrocytes and recruited to cell processes by netrin‐1...
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that produce energy and molecular precursors that are essential for myelin synthesis. Unlike in neurons, mitochondria in oligodendrocytes increase intracellular movement in response to glutamatergic activation and are more susceptible to oxidative stress than in astrocytes or microglia. The signaling pathways that regulate these cell type‐specific mitochondrial...
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