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The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes three general categories of invasive carcinoma of the cervix: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and “other epithelial tumors” (Table6.1 ) [278]. The “other epithelial tumors” include adenosquamous carcinoma, adenoid basal cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinomas, as well as neuroendocrine tumors and undifferentiated carcinoma (Table...
The histopathological classification of a disease should reflect both current concepts of its pathogenesis as well as its clinical behavior. Over the last 50 years, our understanding of the pathobiology and behavior of cervical cancer precursors has evolved considerably. As a result, the terminology used to classify preinvasive lesions of the cervix has frequently changed. Although these changes in...
The uterus is divided into the corpus, isthmus, and cervix [63]. The cervix (term taken from the Latin, meaning neck) is the most inferior portion of the uterus, protruding into the upper vagina. The transition between the endocervix and the lower portion of the uterine corpus is termed the isthmus or lower uterine segment. The latter is used for descriptive purposes during gestation and labor and...
Background Parity is well established as a risk factor for cervical cancer. It is not clear, however, how pregnancy influences the natural history of HPV infection and cervical neoplasia. Our objective was to study the risk of HPV infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) after pregnancy. Methods We used the Ludwig-McGill cohort study which includes 2462 women recruited in Sao...
The human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the development of an estimated 10% of cancers worldwide. Both epidemiologic and molecular evidence have conclusively demonstrated that oncogenic HPV is the central causal agent of cervical cancer and of a substantial proportion of many other anogenital neoplasms. In fact, it is believed that HPV is the necessary cause of cervical cancer, which...
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