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In a number of key IC fabrication steps in-process wafers are sensitive to moisture, oxygen and other airborne molecular contaminants in the air. Nitrogen purge of closed Front Opening Unified Pods (FOUP) have been implemented in many fabs to minimize wafer's exposure to the contaminants (or CDA purge if oxygen is not of concern). As the technology node advances, the need for minimizing the exposure...
The AnnAGNPS model (Annualized Non-Point Source Pollution Model) is applied to analyze the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of agricultural non-point source pollutant loading in Zhangxi Watershed. The spatial database and attribute database of non-point source pollution is then established. Our result shows that in spatial scale, absorbed nitrogen has great spatial heterogeneity, while dissolved...
The effect of a dc uniform electric field on the behaviour of bubbles in liquid nitrogen such as their growth, deformation and departure frequency has been experimentally investigated. The experiment was performed using a stainless steel mesh-plate electrode. The experimental results show that (1) prolate spherical bubbles are formed in the direction of electric field and bubble deformation increases...
Electrohydrodynamic effects on bubble motion in dielectric fluids has found positive application for enhanced boiling heat transfer, for example in refrigerators. However the motion of bubbles in columns of dielectric fluid is also of interest where the presence of bubbles may adversely affect the breakdown performance of the liquid dielectric when employed as an electrical insulation. This is the...
This paper describes an experimental study into the influence of a non-uniform electric field on bubble motion and behavior in liquid nitrogen. The electric field effect on bubble motion as it rises due to buoyancy within applied dc electric fields is quantitatively investigated using a rod-plane gap. Thermal bubble motion and bubble collision with the plane electrode processes were observed in these...
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