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In this paper, we consider code tracking biases of the delay lock loops with a single and a double early-minus-late discriminators for a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and a binary offset carrier (BOC) signals, denoted by the SEML and the DEML, in a static multipath environments. Based on the mathematical analysis of the code tracking bias when the SEML tracks the code phase of the received BPSK...
The spreading signals modulated by BOC(pn, n) signals will be used for the next generation global navigation satellite system. The auto-correlation function of the binary phase shift keying modulated spreading signal has just one main peak, whereas the BOC(pn, n) modulated one has many sub-peaks with one main peak. In this paper, we observe that the correlation function in the advanced offset region...
This paper addresses an effective time delay tracking scheme for Galileo Ll open service (OS) systems. First, we observe that the correlation values between the time-delayed pseudo noise code and received signal remain almost unchanged, due to the multipath signals being received later than a line-of-sight signal. Based on this observation, we propose a novel delay tracking scheme for Galileo L1 OS...
The single delta delay lock loop is the most widely used code tracking scheme for the GALILEO system that employs the binary offset carrier modulated spreading signal. When only a line-of-sight signal is received, the single delta delay lock loop is the optimal code tracking scheme. However, when the multipath signals are received, the correlation values are distorted, and thus, the tracking bias...
Galileo system uses direct sequence/spread spectrum (DS/SS) as its modulation method. Single delta delay lock loop (Delta-DLL), where Delta is sample duration between early and late correlation values, has been widely used for code tracking in DS/SS systems. When the Delta-DLL is used for code tracking in ideal environments, code tracking bias does not arise because the symmetry of the correlation...
The tracking bias is caused by two reasons: one is the distortion in symmetry of correlation values and the other is the shift of the point of time of the maximum correlation value. In band-limited multipath environments, the latter one is a more dominant error factor than the former one. This paper will mention about the characteristics of the coherent correlation values in band-limited multipath...
The early minus late discriminator based delay locked loop (EL-DLL), which is a general code tracking scheme of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), has enormous time delay estimation bias (beta). The narrow correlated DLL (NC-DLL) and the double delta DLL (Delta(2)-DLL) were proposed as a beta reduction scheme, where Delta means the spacing between early and late correlation sample. However,...
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