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Smart farming is seen to be the future of agriculture as it produces higher quality of crops by making farms more intelligent in sensing its controlling parameters. Analyzing massive amount of data can be done by accessing and connecting various devices with the help of Internet of Things (IoT). However, it is not enough to have an Internet support and self-updating readings from the sensors but also...
THz radiation is strongly absorbed, as well as reflected, by water. This spectral feature can be exploited to detect the presence of water under the surface of mural paintings and mosaics. In this study we report on the capability of our 3D reflective THz imaging system to detect water under samples simulating a fresco or a mosaic.
One of the main objectives of the THz-ARTE project is the construction of a portable THz imaging scanner, specifically designed to investigate mural paintings. Making of such a device and its use on an artwork will be presented.
The 0.1–30 THz frequency range routinely studied with time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), has an unquestionable diagnostic potential for tokamak plasmas, thus THz-TDS applications appear to be the natural evolution of FIR and submillimeter wave diagnostics. By illuminating the plasma with a THz beam, phase, intensity and polarization of reflected and transmitted wave can be simultaneously detected, potentially...
A set-up for the irradiation of biological samples in the frequency range from 18 to 40 GHz has been developed and characterized in terms of electric field patterns and SAR values at the plane of the culture medium and beyond. Simulations and measurements of the radiated electric field have been performed at the frequency of 25.28 GHz to evaluate the homogeneity of irradiation. This paper compares...
A comprehensive study of the in-vitro exposure of human fibroblasts to millimeter waves in a wide spectral region is under way. The evaluation of different biological endpoints as result of exposure to pulsed radiation in the frequency range 100–150 GHz with the ENEA Compact FEL is reported. A new exposure set-up for irradiation to CW radiation in the range 18–40 GHz will also be presented.
We discuss an extensive set of experimental results about the spectroscopic properties of different materials in THz spectral range, as part of the development of a THz-based Plasma Diagnostic for Nuclear Fusion Applications.
The conceptual design study of a high-power high-frequency Cyclotron Auto-Resonance Maser (CARM) has been undertaken at the ENEA-Frascati research center in 2013. CARMs could be effective mm-wave sources for electron cyclotron waves and plasma diagnostics in magnetic confinement fusion reactors. The project is advancing quickly with the technical design of some major parts now completed and ready...
This paper presents a sliding mode controller for a wound rotor synchronous machine, acting as a generator for an isolated load. The standard dq-model of the machine is connected to a resistive load. A sliding surface is defined in order to fulfill control objectives, and the Ideal Sliding Dynamics is proved to be stable. From the desired surface, the standard sliding methodology is applied, and a...
The Terahertz imaging technique was applied to observe the preparation layer of wall paintings. The experimental results revealed the effect of the particle size of fillers and the possibility of internal interface observation by the THz pulse-echo imaging.
This paper briefly collect the results of a more general approach of control of nonlinear systems with state-&-input constraints, recently proposed by some of the authors in [1]. In that work we provide some insights and tools for the constrained state control problem with Barrier Lyapunov Functions. Here we provide a different and constructive outlook which allows to transform the constrained-state...
The Terahertz imaging technique was applied to observe the preparation layer of wall paintings. The experimental results revealed the effect of the particle size of fillers and the possibility of internal interface observation by the THz pulse-echo imaging.
The control design proposed here is based on a general framework of control of nonlinear systems with state-&-input constraints, recently proposed by some of the authors in [1] (summary available in [2]). Thus, this is part of a series of real applications to support the theoretical results. In particular, here the result is applied to the problem of dynamic positioning of ships with nonlinear...
A portable THz imaging system for the study of wall paintings is currently under construction in the framework of the THz-ARTE project. The device design and operating principle will be presented together with preliminary results on test samples.
A Cyclotron Auto-Resonance Maser (CARM) is under study at the ENEA Research Laboratories in Frascati as a electron cyclotron heating (ECH) source in plasma magnetic confinement devices like Tokamaks. The aim of the project is the realization of a test source at 250 GHz to verify heating mechanisms in high magnetic field Tokamaks and at the second harmonics ECH frequencies for which a higher energy...
We review the classical single particle theory for the Gyratron and CARM (Cyclotron Autoresonance Maser) devices. We formulate the theory in order to map the relevant equations on those of Free Electron Laser magnetic Undulator devices. The article comments on the validity of such an approach and on the possibility of exploiting the wealth of scaling rules, currently adopted in the design of FEL devices,...
Heating systems are of outstanding relevance in magnetically confined plasmas in tokamak devices. They provide the tools to reach and sustain burning conditions. DEMO, and the future reactor require higher frequency for ECH. Therefore, high power (≥1MW) RF sources with output frequency in the 200–300 GHz range would be necessary.
Heating and Current Drive systems are of outstanding relevance in fusion plasmas, magnetically confined in tokamak devices, as they provide the tools to reach, sustain and control burning conditions. DEMO, and the future reactor will require higher frequency for ECH. Therefore, high power (≥1MW) RF sources with output frequency in the 200 – 300 GHz range would be necessary.
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