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Respiratory failure, hypoxia with or without hypercarbia, is common in infants and children. Knowledge of the underlying abnormal physiology facilitates diagnosis and therapy. Isolated hypoxia can result from exposure to reduced oxygen pressure, ventilation/perfusion mismatch, intra- and extrapulmonary shunting, and impaired diffusion. Intra- and extrapulmonary shunting can be distinguished from the...
Volume delivery by positive pressure inflation was determined in 20 premature infants and 10 infants born at term on days 1 and 2. The spontaneous tidal volume, respiratory rate and inspiratory to expiratory (I:E) ratio were measured daily in the first week of life in an additional group of 20 infants born prematurely. Measurements were made using a pneumotachograph only when the infants were stable...
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