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Pain‐related fear avoidance (FA), a common problem for patients with painful medical conditions, involves pain‐related catastrophizing cognitions, hypervigilance, and avoidance behaviors, which can ultimately lead to decreased functioning, depression, and disability. Several patient‐reported instruments have been developed to measure FA, but they have been criticized for limited construct validity,...
Background: The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS) was developed to measure fear and anxiety responses to pain. Many studies have found associations between PASS scores and self‐report measures of pain, anxiety, and disability as well as among inhibited movement patterns and activity avoidance behaviors (eg, kinesophobia). This study aimed to identify clinically meaningful cut‐off points to identify...
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