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Piezoelectric actuators and sensors are widely used for flow control valves, including diesel injectors, ultrasound generation, optical positioning, printing, pumps, and locks. Degradation and failure of material and electrical properties at high temperature typically limits these applications to operating temperatures below 200°C, based on the ubiquitous Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramic. There are, however, many...
A novel drive system is described which improves the operational characteristics of piezoelectric actuators. Electronic controls to increase the range of movement across a wide temperature range usually need a temperature sensor for maximum effect. This paper describes a novel system that uses the polarization characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic to reverse polarize the ceramic without a temperature...
Time and thermal dependent effects are critical for the operation of non-volatile memories based on ferroelectrics. In this paper we assume a domain nucleation process of the polarization reversal and we discuss the polarization dynamics in the framework of a non-equilibrium statistical approach. This approach yields analytical expressions, which can be used to explain a wide range of time and thermal...
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