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This paper proposes a design pattern based on the service-oriented architecture for the design of flexible distributed automation control system for substation automation systems. The design pattern is intended to be applied to control systems based on the leading standards for software development of smart grid: IEC 61850 and IEC 61499. The proposed design pattern models system requirements as orchestrators...
This paper proposes a novel method of modelling requirements for smart grid automation systems that fits and complements the leading standards used for software development in smart grid: IEC 61850 and IEC 61499. Ontological representation is used to formally model the systems requirements and the integration of the requirement modelling to be used in conjunction with IEC 61850 specifications and...
This paper presents an automatic software generation method for energy distribution automation. The method uses the distribution network structure represented in SCL format of the IEC 61850 standard and generates complete executable applications compliant with the IEC 61499 standard. Each equipment element is based on the componentized MVC design pattern and can be executed on a distributed network...
The so called Smart Grid is said to be enabled with bi-direction communication networks and energy flow. IEC 61850 is a substation communication standard which improves interoperability of the substation design. IEC 61499 is an automation standard which can be used for implementation of control in IEC 61850 models. This work is utilizing Model Driven Engineering techniques for substation automation...
The paper aims at demonstrating the feasibility of an execution platform that is capable of performing protection and control functions from various vendors in a controlled manner. This will reduce vendor dependency enabling utilities to standardize hardware while implementing complex protection schemes from multiple vendors at reduced cost. The paper develops protection system including earth, differential...
The future distribution grid known as the smart grid will become more distributed in both infrastructure and control. IEC 61850 and IEC 61499 are two industrial standards addressing the challenges presented by a decentralized infrastructure. This paper contributes to system engineering of smart grid automation by enabling automatic generation of IEC 61499 control systems from IEC 61850 specifications...
The emergence of LED luminaires that can be dimmed rapidly and frequently enables radical innovations in street lighting automation. It is possible to save considerable amounts of energy by adjusting street lighting according to the movements of individual road users. Since the same lights are often used for illuminating both vehicle lanes and sidewalks, it is necessary to detect both vehicles and...
This paper presents the analysis and simulation of the performance of fault location and isolation (FLI) in an automated power distribution feeder. This system is composed of two coupled networks: a power system consisting of a distribution feeder with multiple load buses, and an unreliable communication network of the distributed intelligent agents in the system, namely, the substation automation...
This paper proposes new type of software components for distributed automation systems that are capable of adapting to the computational load conditions by migrating to other devices. The migration is seen as a basic mechanism of bio-inspired heuristic search for more optimal overall load across distributed network of devices. The adaptable components can form digital ecologies self-configuring themselves...
A smart electric grid incorporating local generation and storage is an area of active research in the industrial automation community. Very little attention has been given to similar possibilities in hot water grids that are used extensively for district heating in several countries, especially in Central and Northern Europe. In this paper, possibilities for heat trade in such a grid are investigated...
In this paper an ontology driven approach to the design of control systems, in particular, control applications of IEC 61499 standard is proposed. The source ontology is an ontological description of control object (plant) while the target ontology is an ontological description of a control system implemented using an appropriate programming language. For the ontologies transformation an extension...
Execution of business processes is an important factor that distinguishes residential and office buildings based on their energy usage. Unlike residential buildings, in offices workflows determine how and when energy-consuming devices have to be utilized. Thus, energy efficient building automation systems for office buildings should take into account the dynamic and unpredictable nature of business...
IEC 61850 is a new standard for substation automation which attempts to standardize communication within substations by introducing a set of new communication services operating over the Ethernet framework. The communication of interest for protection is IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging. GOOSE messaging is a peer to peer service designed for protection applications within substations. There is a growing...
This paper presents a practical framework to bring the cyber-physical block diagram models, such as Ptolemy, to the practice of industrial automation. Cyber-Physical Component (CPC) architecture is suggested. CPC aims at the improvement of design, verification and validation practices in automation of Smart Grid. IEC 61499 standard is used as a basis for this architecture. This architecture addresses...
The second edition of the IEC 61499 standard aims to clarify the interpretation ambiguities of function block's execution semantics. This resolves the pivotal issue of realizing portable and interoperable implementations of the IEC 61499 reference architecture. As the IEC 61499 standard is about entering its technology takeoff phase, these clarifications are timely and important. It is hence expected...
The emerging LED technology enables intelligent street lighting that is based on sensing individual vehicles and dimming street lights accordingly. The potential energy savings are considerable, exceeding 50% on roads with low traffic. A possible reason why such applications are not yet emerging are financial uncertainties about the size of the savings, which are needed to motivate the investment...
The reliability theory used in the design of complex systems including electric grids assumes random component failures and is thus unsuited to analyzing security risks due to attackers that intentionally damage several components of the system. In this paper, a security risk analysis methodology is proposed consisting of vulnerability analysis and impact analysis. Vulnerability analysis is a method...
While there is intense global research activity addressing problems underpinning the re-engineering of the electrical power grid, thermal energy grids are likely to play an increasing role in energy systems. This paper describes an on-going effort in hybrid modeling and co-simulation of the physical and control domains of district heating networks. The focus is on modeling each domain using semantics...
This paper presents a visualization architecture to facilitate automated design for distributed automation applications. CAD is used as a source of software models as it was found to provide detailed physical information, particularly for visualization. The approach assumes a fully distributed control architecture, with each system component functionally encapsulated into IEC 61499 Function Block...
This paper presents implementation of the Distributed Grid Intelligence (DGI) applications such as Intelligent Fault Management and Load Balancing using IEC61499 reference architecture. This enables system level design of distributed applications with a direct pathway to deployment to hardware. The use of IEC 61499 improves scalability, re-configurability and maintainability of automation software...
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